Question 1

The effectiveness of DNA vaccines stems from the effective production of antibodies against the naked DNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A monoclonal antibody is typically IgE and recognizes several epitopes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Serological tests are most often conducted in

Accepted Answer

A) test tubes. 
B) flasks. 
C) microtiter plates. 
D) graduated cylinders. 
A) test tubes. 
B) flasks. 
C) microtiter plates. 
D) graduated cylinders.

Question 4

Agglutination tests can be used to diagnose diseases caused by

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) hormones. 
C) fungi. 
D) viruses. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) bacteria. 
B) hormones. 
C) fungi. 
D) viruses. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A recombinant vaccine is used to protect against

Accepted Answer

A) polio. 
B) diphtheria. 
C) hepatitis B 
D) pertussis. 
A) polio. 
B) diphtheria. 
C) hepatitis B 
D) pertussis.

Question 7

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol. 
B) phenol. 
C) formalin. 
D) histamine. 
A) alcohol. 
B) phenol. 
C) formalin. 
D) histamine.

Question 8

Precipitation reactions depend on

Accepted Answer

A) the antigen having one epitope. 
B) the antibody having one epitope. 
C) the antigen having two or more epitopes. 
D) the antigen having no epitopes. 
A) the antigen having one epitope. 
B) the antibody having one epitope. 
C) the antigen having two or more epitopes. 
D) the antigen having no epitopes.

Question 9

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Accepted Answer

A) acquired immunity. 
B) memory immunity. 
C) vaccination. 
D) hypersensitivity. 
A) acquired immunity. 
B) memory immunity. 
C) vaccination. 
D) hypersensitivity.

Question 10

The Salk vaccine

Accepted Answer

A) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B) protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C) is a subunit vaccine. 
D) protects only against nervous system infection. 
E) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine. 
A) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B) protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C) is a subunit vaccine. 
D) protects only against nervous system infection. 
E) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.

Question 11

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

Accepted Answer

A) vaccinia. 
B) cowpox. 
C) rubella. 
D) herpes. 
A) vaccinia. 
B) cowpox. 
C) rubella. 
D) herpes.

Question 13

An adjuvant has been developed from Lipid
A.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Monoclonal antibodies obtained from a hybridoma provide

Accepted Answer

A) a large amount of an antibody that is specific for a particular antigen. 
B) a single antibody that recognizes many antigens. 
C) many antigens that recognize a specific antibody. 
D) a large number of B cells. 
A) a large amount of an antibody that is specific for a particular antigen. 
B) a single antibody that recognizes many antigens. 
C) many antigens that recognize a specific antibody. 
D) a large number of B cells.

Question 15

Attenuated agents often give rise to a long-lasting immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Accepted Answer

A) measles. 
B) bubonic plague. 
C) rabies. 
D) smallpox. 
A) measles. 
B) bubonic plague. 
C) rabies. 
D) smallpox.

Question 17

Attenuated agents

Accepted Answer

A) may induce immunity after a single dose. 
B) may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. 
C) multiply in the body. 
D) may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) may induce immunity after a single dose. 
B) may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. 
C) multiply in the body. 
D) may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Accepted Answer

A) primary substances. 
B) secondary substances. 
C) adjuvants. 
D) adjuncts. 
A) primary substances. 
B) secondary substances. 
C) adjuvants. 
D) adjuncts.

Question 19

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

Accepted Answer

A) If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B) There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the US, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C) By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low.This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly). 
D) Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne) transmission.This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible.Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B) There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the US, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C) By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low.This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly). 
D) Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne) transmission.This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible.Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 20

DNA vaccines work by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B) stimulating interferon production. 
C) inactivating the host DNA. 
D) having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen. 
A) stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B) stimulating interferon production. 
C) inactivating the host DNA. 
D) having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen.

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

The effectiveness of DNA vaccines stems from the effective production of antibodies against the naked DNA molecule.

A monoclonal antibody is typically IgE and recognizes several epitopes.

Serological tests are most often conducted in

Agglutination tests can be used to diagnose diseases caused by

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

A recombinant vaccine is used to protect against

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Precipitation reactions depend on

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

The Salk vaccine

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

An adjuvant has been developed from Lipid A.

Monoclonal antibodies obtained from a hybridoma provide

Attenuated agents often give rise to a long-lasting immunity.

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Attenuated agents

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

DNA vaccines work by

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

Filters