Question 1

APITM, EnterotubeTM and VitekTM are all

Accepted Answer

A) methods for extracting DNA from bacteria. 
B) used to measure gas production. 
C) commercially available methods used to identify bacteria. 
D) used to show the presence of bacteria in a sample. 
A) methods for extracting DNA from bacteria. 
B) used to measure gas production. 
C) commercially available methods used to identify bacteria. 
D) used to show the presence of bacteria in a sample.

Question 2

A DNA similarity of 75% between two organisms

Accepted Answer

A) suggests the organisms are very closely related at the species level. 
B) suggests the organisms are not related. 
C) suggests the organisms may or may not be related. 
D) means the GC content is 45%. 
A) suggests the organisms are very closely related at the species level. 
B) suggests the organisms are not related. 
C) suggests the organisms may or may not be related. 
D) means the GC content is 45%.

Question 3

Fatty acid analysis

Accepted Answer

A) can be used to identify Gram-negative bacteria. 
B) can be used to identify Gram-positive bacteria. 
C) uses gas chromatography to analyze fatty acid methyl esters. 
D) requires that cells be grown under standardized conditions. 
E) All of the above 
A) can be used to identify Gram-negative bacteria. 
B) can be used to identify Gram-positive bacteria. 
C) uses gas chromatography to analyze fatty acid methyl esters. 
D) requires that cells be grown under standardized conditions. 
E) All of the above

Question 4

The basic taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of plants and animals is

Accepted Answer

A) kingdom. 
B) class. 
C) order. 
D) genus. 
E) species. 
A) kingdom. 
B) class. 
C) order. 
D) genus. 
E) species.

Question 5

DNA probes have been very useful in

Accepted Answer

A) coding the DNA of organisms grown in vivo. 
B) identifying organisms in pure culture. 
C) detecting toxins. 
D) diagnosing diseases of protozoa. 
A) coding the DNA of organisms grown in vivo. 
B) identifying organisms in pure culture. 
C) detecting toxins. 
D) diagnosing diseases of protozoa.

Question 6

Woese

Accepted Answer

A) was involved in determining rRNA sequences. 
B) proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups. 
C) proposed breaking eukaryotes into Archaea and Bacteria. 
D) was involved in refining the Gram stain for classification purposes. 
E) was involved in determining rRNA sequences AND proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups. 
A) was involved in determining rRNA sequences. 
B) proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups. 
C) proposed breaking eukaryotes into Archaea and Bacteria. 
D) was involved in refining the Gram stain for classification purposes. 
E) was involved in determining rRNA sequences AND proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups.

Question 7

Size and shape may allow one to differentiate between a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Streptococcus pyogenes can be easily distinguished microscopically from other Streptococcus species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Very often clinically relevant information may be obtained by examining

Accepted Answer

A) a wet mount. 
B) the size and shape of the organism. 
C) the sequence of proteins. 
D) the transformation ability. 
E) a wet mount AND the size and shape of the organism. 
A) a wet mount. 
B) the size and shape of the organism. 
C) the sequence of proteins. 
D) the transformation ability. 
E) a wet mount AND the size and shape of the organism.

Question 10

Horizontal DNA transfer may make it more difficult to construct phylogenetic trees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A soluble greenish pigment is produced by

Accepted Answer

A) Serratia marcescens. 
B)  E. coli. 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
D) streptococci. 
A) Serratia marcescens. 
B)  E. coli. 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
D) streptococci.

Question 12

Numerical taxonomy uses a battery of genotypic characteristics to classify bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Phenotypically identical bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) look the same. 
B) are genetically exactly the same. 
C) may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis. 
D) may not be told apart by any means. 
E) look the same AND may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis. 
A) look the same. 
B) are genetically exactly the same. 
C) may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis. 
D) may not be told apart by any means. 
E) look the same AND may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis.

Question 14

In 1970 Stanier proposed that classification be based on

Accepted Answer

A) evolution. 
B) Gram stain. 
C) physiology. 
D) DNA sequence. 
A) evolution. 
B) Gram stain. 
C) physiology. 
D) DNA sequence.

Question 15

Strain differences are helpful in

Accepted Answer

A) replica plating. 
B) electrophoresis. 
C) transformation. 
D) transduction. 
E) tracing the source of outbreaks of disease. 
A) replica plating. 
B) electrophoresis. 
C) transformation. 
D) transduction. 
E) tracing the source of outbreaks of disease.

Question 16

Two isolates with identical RFLPs are considered

Accepted Answer

A) the same strain. 
B) different strains. 
C) possibly the same strain. 
D) different genera. 
A) the same strain. 
B) different strains. 
C) possibly the same strain. 
D) different genera.

Question 17

Why might it be easier to determine the bacterium that caused pneumonia than one that caused a wound infection?

Accepted Answer

A) There are very few microorganisms that can cause pneumonia, while there are many that can cause wound infections. 
B) The lungs are generally free of bacteria, while the skin may have a number of different types of bacteria on it.This could complicate identification processes for a wound infection, as bacteria normally found on the skin may be in the wound along with the particular bacterium causing the infection. 
C) We have much better tests for bacteria in the lungs than we do in wounds. 
D) The techniques of 16S rRNA sequencing are easier to perform on a sample taken from the lungs than a sample taken from a wound. 
A) There are very few microorganisms that can cause pneumonia, while there are many that can cause wound infections. 
B) The lungs are generally free of bacteria, while the skin may have a number of different types of bacteria on it.This could complicate identification processes for a wound infection, as bacteria normally found on the skin may be in the wound along with the particular bacterium causing the infection. 
C) We have much better tests for bacteria in the lungs than we do in wounds. 
D) The techniques of 16S rRNA sequencing are easier to perform on a sample taken from the lungs than a sample taken from a wound.

Question 18

Disagreements between conclusions obtained from rDNA data and other techniques may be explained by

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal DNA transfer. 
B) vertical DNA transfer. 
C) the difference in translation machinery. 
D) vertical RNA transfer. 
A) horizontal DNA transfer. 
B) vertical DNA transfer. 
C) the difference in translation machinery. 
D) vertical RNA transfer.

Question 19

An early attempt by Cohn at bacterial classification grouped bacteria according to their

Accepted Answer

A) biochemistry. 
B) Gram stain. 
C) shape. 
D) arrangement. 
A) biochemistry. 
B) Gram stain. 
C) shape. 
D) arrangement.

Question 20

In the 1930s Kluyver and van Niel proposed a classification scheme based on

Accepted Answer

A) Gram reactions. 
B) biochemical relationships. 
C) presumed evolutionary relationships. 
D) DNA sequences. 
A) Gram reactions. 
B) biochemical relationships. 
C) presumed evolutionary relationships. 
D) DNA sequences.

Exam 10: Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

APITM, EnterotubeTM and VitekTM are all

A DNA similarity of 75% between two organisms

Fatty acid analysis

The basic taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of plants and animals is

DNA probes have been very useful in

Woese

Size and shape may allow one to differentiate between a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan.

Streptococcus pyogenes can be easily distinguished microscopically from other Streptococcus species.

Very often clinically relevant information may be obtained by examining

Horizontal DNA transfer may make it more difficult to construct phylogenetic trees.

A soluble greenish pigment is produced by

Numerical taxonomy uses a battery of genotypic characteristics to classify bacteria.

Phenotypically identical bacteria

In 1970 Stanier proposed that classification be based on

Strain differences are helpful in

Two isolates with identical RFLPs are considered

Why might it be easier to determine the bacterium that caused pneumonia than one that caused a wound infection?

Disagreements between conclusions obtained from rDNA data and other techniques may be explained by

An early attempt by Cohn at bacterial classification grouped bacteria according to their

In the 1930s Kluyver and van Niel proposed a classification scheme based on

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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