Question 1

Gamma rays cause biological damage in living systems by

Accepted Answer

A) producing reactive molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals. 
B) causing tiny gravity sinks and black holes to be formed in the substance. 
C) introducing toxins. 
D) making the substance radioactive. 
A) producing reactive molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals. 
B) causing tiny gravity sinks and black holes to be formed in the substance. 
C) introducing toxins. 
D) making the substance radioactive.

Question 2

A common application of dry heat in the microbiology laboratory is to

Accepted Answer

A) prepare specimens for study. 
B) sterilize media. 
C) sterilize plastics. 
D) sterilize the inoculating loop. 
A) prepare specimens for study. 
B) sterilize media. 
C) sterilize plastics. 
D) sterilize the inoculating loop.

Question 3

Microwaves do not kill organisms directly but kill by

Accepted Answer

A) the heat they generate in a product. 
B) generating free radicals. 
C) generating toxins. 
D) creating thymine dimers. 
A) the heat they generate in a product. 
B) generating free radicals. 
C) generating toxins. 
D) creating thymine dimers.

Question 4

Prions and viroids are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Commercial canning processes

Accepted Answer

A) are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores. 
B) kill all endospores. 
C) are especially needed on low acid foods. 
D) are 12D processes (designed to kill 1012 endospores). 
E) are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores, are especially needed on low acid foods, AND are 12D (designed to kill 1012 endospores) processes. 
A) are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores. 
B) kill all endospores. 
C) are especially needed on low acid foods. 
D) are 12D processes (designed to kill 1012 endospores). 
E) are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores, are especially needed on low acid foods, AND are 12D (designed to kill 1012 endospores) processes.

Question 6

Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because

Accepted Answer

A) heat sensitive instruments may be destroyed. 
B) heat resistant endospores are unaffected. 
C) water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes. 
D) viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria. 
A) heat sensitive instruments may be destroyed. 
B) heat resistant endospores are unaffected. 
C) water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes. 
D) viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria.

Question 7

One of the first chemicals used by Lister to prevent surgical infections was

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol. 
B) iodine. 
C) carbolic acid. 
D) mercury. 
A) alcohol. 
B) iodine. 
C) carbolic acid. 
D) mercury.

Question 8

Quaternary ammonium compounds are

Accepted Answer

A) cationic detergents which help wash surfaces. 
B) attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
C) used as a 37% aqueous solution. 
D) very effective against Pseudomonas. 
E) cationic detergents which help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
A) cationic detergents which help wash surfaces. 
B) attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
C) used as a 37% aqueous solution. 
D) very effective against Pseudomonas. 
E) cationic detergents which help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface.

Question 9

Generally, membrane filters are not used to remove

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria from liquids. 
B) microorganisms from gases. 
C) spoilage agents from alcoholic beverages. 
D) enzymes. 
A) bacteria from liquids. 
B) microorganisms from gases. 
C) spoilage agents from alcoholic beverages. 
D) enzymes.

Question 10

Glutaraldehyde

Accepted Answer

A) is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life. 
B) is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items. 
C) attacks lipids. 
D) does not affect naked viruses. 
E) is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life AND is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items. 
A) is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life. 
B) is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items. 
C) attacks lipids. 
D) does not affect naked viruses. 
E) is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life AND is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue. 
B) It leaves a toxic residue. 
C) It is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen. 
D) It is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid. 
E) It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue; it is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen AND it is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid. 
A) It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue. 
B) It leaves a toxic residue. 
C) It is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen. 
D) It is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid. 
E) It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue; it is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen AND it is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid.

Question 12

A suffix used to describe a killing action would be

Accepted Answer

A) -static. 
B) -cidal. 
C) -cillin. 
D) -tion. 
A) -static. 
B) -cidal. 
C) -cillin. 
D) -tion.

Question 13

Nosocomial infections

Accepted Answer

A) are acquired at various social events. 
B) are acquired while in the hospital. 
C) occur because of a susceptible population and presence of disease causing organisms. 
D) are acquired at sporting events. 
E) are acquired while in the hospital AND occur because of a susceptible population and presence of disease causing organisms. 
A) are acquired at various social events. 
B) are acquired while in the hospital. 
C) occur because of a susceptible population and presence of disease causing organisms. 
D) are acquired at sporting events. 
E) are acquired while in the hospital AND occur because of a susceptible population and presence of disease causing organisms.

Question 14

Which are essentially equivalent treatments?

Accepted Answer

A) dry 200°C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 121°C heat for 15 minutes 
B) dry 160°C heat for 1.0 hour; wet 200°C heat for 30 minutes 
C) dry 121°C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 200°C heat for 15 minutes 
D) dry 100°C heat for 2.0 hours; wet 100°C heat for 30 minutes 
A) dry 200°C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 121°C heat for 15 minutes 
B) dry 160°C heat for 1.0 hour; wet 200°C heat for 30 minutes 
C) dry 121°C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 200°C heat for 15 minutes 
D) dry 100°C heat for 2.0 hours; wet 100°C heat for 30 minutes

Question 15

Hydrogen peroxide may be used as a sterilant on living tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Micrococcus aureus. 
C) Escherichia coli. 
D) Enterobacter aerogenes. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Micrococcus aureus. 
C) Escherichia coli. 
D) Enterobacter aerogenes.

Question 17

Chlorine

Accepted Answer

A) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B) is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C) is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D) is ineffective when diluted. 
E) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
A) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B) is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C) is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D) is ineffective when diluted. 
E) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms.

Question 18

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 minute 
B) 2 minutes 
C) 3 minutes 
D) 6 minutes 
A) 1 minute 
B) 2 minutes 
C) 3 minutes 
D) 6 minutes

Question 19

Upon treatment with heat or chemicals, bacteria will

Accepted Answer

A) all die immediately. 
B) die at a constant proportion. 
C) die at an exponential rate. 
D) die at a geometric rate. 
A) all die immediately. 
B) die at a constant proportion. 
C) die at an exponential rate. 
D) die at a geometric rate.

Question 20

Typical conditions used for sterilization are

Accepted Answer

A) 100°C for 10 minutes. 
B) 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes. 
C) 80°C for 15 minutes. 
D) 72°C for 15 seconds. 
A) 100°C for 10 minutes. 
B) 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes. 
C) 80°C for 15 minutes. 
D) 72°C for 15 seconds.

Exam 5: Control of Microbial Growth

Gamma rays cause biological damage in living systems by

A common application of dry heat in the microbiology laboratory is to

Microwaves do not kill organisms directly but kill by

Prions and viroids are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures.

Commercial canning processes

Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because

One of the first chemicals used by Lister to prevent surgical infections was

Quaternary ammonium compounds are

Generally, membrane filters are not used to remove

Glutaraldehyde

Which of the following is true of hydrogen peroxide?

A suffix used to describe a killing action would be

Nosocomial infections

Which are essentially equivalent treatments?

Hydrogen peroxide may be used as a sterilant on living tissue.

Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against

Chlorine

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

Upon treatment with heat or chemicals, bacteria will

Typical conditions used for sterilization are

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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