Question 1

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A) Treponema pallidum 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
A) Treponema pallidum 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 2

The use of oil with certain high power objective lenses increases

Accepted Answer

A) magnification. 
B) the amount of light that enters the objective lens. 
C) resolution. 
D) contrast. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) magnification. 
B) the amount of light that enters the objective lens. 
C) resolution. 
D) contrast. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

The endospore stain

Accepted Answer

A) is applicable to only a few groups of bacteria. 
B) usually shows the spores as green structures among a background of pink cells. 
C) uses crystal violet as the primary stain. 
D) is an example of a negative stain. 
E) is applicable to only a few groups of bacteria AND usually shows the spores as green structures among a background of pink cells. 
A) is applicable to only a few groups of bacteria. 
B) usually shows the spores as green structures among a background of pink cells. 
C) uses crystal violet as the primary stain. 
D) is an example of a negative stain. 
E) is applicable to only a few groups of bacteria AND usually shows the spores as green structures among a background of pink cells.

Question 4

Penicillin would be most effective against

Accepted Answer

A) non-growing bacteria. 
B) growing bacteria. 
C) Gram-positive bacteria. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria. 
E) growing bacteria AND Gram-positive bacteria. 
A) non-growing bacteria. 
B) growing bacteria. 
C) Gram-positive bacteria. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria. 
E) growing bacteria AND Gram-positive bacteria.

Question 5

Movement in bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B) relies on the beating of cilia. 
C) is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D) may involve pili. 
E) is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili. 
A) is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B) relies on the beating of cilia. 
C) is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D) may involve pili. 
E) is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili.

Question 6

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab. Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Accepted Answer

A) Disconnecting and bringing in the old, mildewed showerhead from the showers in your dorm. 
B) Scraping the mold off of the shower curtain in your dorm's bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife. 
C) Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab. 
D) Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab. 
A) Disconnecting and bringing in the old, mildewed showerhead from the showers in your dorm. 
B) Scraping the mold off of the shower curtain in your dorm's bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife. 
C) Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab. 
D) Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab.

Question 8

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A) Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B) Atomic force microscope 
C) Dark-field light microscope 
D) Scanning electron microscope 
A) Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B) Atomic force microscope 
C) Dark-field light microscope 
D) Scanning electron microscope

Question 9

Which is not true of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) It defines the boundaries of the cell. 
B) It is a semipermeable barrier. 
C) It consists mainly of a fixed, static phospholipid bilayer. 
D) It uses proteins as selective gates and sensors. 
E) All of the choices are true. 
A) It defines the boundaries of the cell. 
B) It is a semipermeable barrier. 
C) It consists mainly of a fixed, static phospholipid bilayer. 
D) It uses proteins as selective gates and sensors. 
E) All of the choices are true.

Question 10

Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that

Accepted Answer

A) electrons replace light. 
B) electromagnets replace glass lenses. 
C) resolution is higher. 
D) magnification is higher. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) electrons replace light. 
B) electromagnets replace glass lenses. 
C) resolution is higher. 
D) magnification is higher. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Specimens can be observed at the atomic level using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) scanning electron microscope. 
B) transmission electron microscope. 
C) atomic force microscope. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) scanning electron microscope. 
B) transmission electron microscope. 
C) atomic force microscope. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 12

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

A) contain peptidoglycan. 
B) contain sterols for "strength". 
C) contain ergosterol. 
D) are fixed static structures. 
A) contain peptidoglycan. 
B) contain sterols for "strength". 
C) contain ergosterol. 
D) are fixed static structures.

Question 13

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall structure. 
B) cell membrane permeability. 
C) presence or absence of flagella. 
D) detergent susceptibility. 
A) cell wall structure. 
B) cell membrane permeability. 
C) presence or absence of flagella. 
D) detergent susceptibility.

Question 14

Drugs that target prokaryotic protein synthesis would have no effect on eukaryotic protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A new drug is developed that targets and binds to the lipid A portion of LPS from Gram-negative bacterial cells.  This drug shows a high degree of activity and binding in a test tube setting against purified lipid A.  Based on this information,

Accepted Answer

A)  	we should fast track this drug and get it out to physicians immediately to help prevent toxic/septic shock in humans. 
B)  	we should do some animal testing with whole Gram-negative cells and the drug before we jump to any conclusions. 
C)  	we should next proceed by moving to testing in a test tube using whole Gram-negative cells to see if it binds with the same strength. 
D)  	we should abandon the drug entirely.  Binding to lipid A won't kill the bacteria, so the drug is useless to develop further.  It wouldn't help humans who have septic shock at all. 
A)  	we should fast track this drug and get it out to physicians immediately to help prevent toxic/septic shock in humans. 
B)  	we should do some animal testing with whole Gram-negative cells and the drug before we jump to any conclusions. 
C)  	we should next proceed by moving to testing in a test tube using whole Gram-negative cells to see if it binds with the same strength. 
D)  	we should abandon the drug entirely.  Binding to lipid A won't kill the bacteria, so the drug is useless to develop further.  It wouldn't help humans who have septic shock at all.

Question 16

The cytoskeleton

Accepted Answer

A) is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
B) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C) consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D) is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell, consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
A) is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
B) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C) consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D) is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell, consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction.

Question 17

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy. Which microscope is your best choice, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification, much higher than a light microscope, and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B) An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed.Here, we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles, so we need the best value for resolution and magnification we can possibly achieve. 
C) A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D) A bright-field light microscope-of course, we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification. 
A) The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification, much higher than a light microscope, and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B) An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed.Here, we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles, so we need the best value for resolution and magnification we can possibly achieve. 
C) A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D) A bright-field light microscope-of course, we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification.

Question 18

Immunofluorescence

Accepted Answer

A) uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B) makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C) utilizes acridine orange. 
D) would require a special UV microscope. 
E) uses fluorescently tagged molecules, makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies AND would require a special UV microscope. 
A) uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B) makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C) utilizes acridine orange. 
D) would require a special UV microscope. 
E) uses fluorescently tagged molecules, makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies AND would require a special UV microscope.

Question 19

A research laboratory is investigating environmental factors that would inhibit the growth of Archaea. One question they have is if adding the antibiotic penicillin would be effective in controlling their growth. What do you think the outcome would be if they tried this?

Accepted Answer

A) The penicillin wouldn't affect the Archaea because it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan-Archaea don't have this compound in their cell walls. 
B) The penicillin will inhibit cell wall formation in the Archaea, killing them. 
C) The penicillin will slow down the growth of the Archaea by damaging the cell wall, but they will still be able to grow somewhat. 
D) The penicillin will enhance the growth of the Archaea by providing a rich nutrient source. 
A) The penicillin wouldn't affect the Archaea because it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan-Archaea don't have this compound in their cell walls. 
B) The penicillin will inhibit cell wall formation in the Archaea, killing them. 
C) The penicillin will slow down the growth of the Archaea by damaging the cell wall, but they will still be able to grow somewhat. 
D) The penicillin will enhance the growth of the Archaea by providing a rich nutrient source.

Question 20

The microscope which allows the specimen to appear 3-dimensional is the

Accepted Answer

A) phase contrast microscope. 
B) interference microscope. 
C) fluorescence microscope. 
D) dark-field microscope. 
A) phase contrast microscope. 
B) interference microscope. 
C) fluorescence microscope. 
D) dark-field microscope.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?

The use of oil with certain high power objective lenses increases

The endospore stain

Penicillin would be most effective against

Movement in bacteria

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab. Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Which is not true of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that

Specimens can be observed at the atomic level using a(n)

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

Drugs that target prokaryotic protein synthesis would have no effect on eukaryotic protein synthesis.

A new drug is developed that targets and binds to the lipid A portion of LPS from Gram-negative bacterial cells. This drug shows a high degree of activity and binding in a test tube setting against purified lipid A. Based on this information,

The cytoskeleton

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy. Which microscope is your best choice, and why?

Immunofluorescence

A research laboratory is investigating environmental factors that would inhibit the growth of Archaea. One question they have is if adding the antibiotic penicillin would be effective in controlling their growth. What do you think the outcome would be if they tried this?

The microscope which allows the specimen to appear 3-dimensional is the

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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