Question 1

Which is true of simple diffusion of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure. 
B) Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C) Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally, resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D) The diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
E) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
A) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure. 
B) Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C) Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally, resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D) The diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
E) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane.

Question 2

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Accepted Answer

A) form endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) produce energy. 
C) regulate movement of molecules which enter and leave the cell. 
D) form lysosomes and golgi apparatus. 
A) form endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) produce energy. 
C) regulate movement of molecules which enter and leave the cell. 
D) form lysosomes and golgi apparatus.

Question 3

Lysosomes are bags of digestive enzymes found in prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which may result in Gram-positive bacteria appearing to be Gram-negative?

Accepted Answer

A) decolorizing too long 
B) decolorizing too short 
C) using old cultures 
D) using young cultures 
E) decolorizing too long AND using old cultures 
A) decolorizing too long 
B) decolorizing too short 
C) using old cultures 
D) using young cultures 
E) decolorizing too long AND using old cultures

Question 5

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms

Accepted Answer

A) has a thick peptidoglycan layer. 
B) has a thin peptidoglycan layer. 
C) is more permeable to various molecules than the Gram-positive cell wall. 
D) is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E) has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
A) has a thick peptidoglycan layer. 
B) has a thin peptidoglycan layer. 
C) is more permeable to various molecules than the Gram-positive cell wall. 
D) is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E) has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS.

Question 6

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) secretion. 
A) osmosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) secretion.

Question 7

The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are the

Accepted Answer

A) basic and transverse. 
B) small and large. 
C) ocular and objective. 
D) simple and phase. 
A) basic and transverse. 
B) small and large. 
C) ocular and objective. 
D) simple and phase.

Question 8

In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used to

Accepted Answer

A) increase the refraction. 
B) decrease the refraction. 
C) increase the reflection. 
D) increase the resolution. 
E) decrease the refraction AND increase the resolution. 
A) increase the refraction. 
B) decrease the refraction. 
C) increase the reflection. 
D) increase the resolution. 
E) decrease the refraction AND increase the resolution.

Question 9

Which fluorescent stain would be useful for distinguishing between dead and living bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) acridine orange 
B) auramine 
C) rhodamine 
D) CTC 
A) acridine orange 
B) auramine 
C) rhodamine 
D) CTC

Question 10

A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug

Accepted Answer

A) would be highly toxic and completely useless for human beings-we also have plasma membranes with hydrophilic head groups! 
B) would be highly toxic only to bacteria, making it an excellent drug to develop and test further.Humans have a different phospholipid structure in their cell plasma membranes than bacteria. 
C) would generally not be toxic enough to damage Gram-negative bacteria, as their plasma membranes lie under a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
D) would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream.The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells.It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings. 
A) would be highly toxic and completely useless for human beings-we also have plasma membranes with hydrophilic head groups! 
B) would be highly toxic only to bacteria, making it an excellent drug to develop and test further.Humans have a different phospholipid structure in their cell plasma membranes than bacteria. 
C) would generally not be toxic enough to damage Gram-negative bacteria, as their plasma membranes lie under a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
D) would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream.The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells.It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings.

Question 11

Cilia and flagella project from the cell and are not covered by cytoplasmic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell, are called

Accepted Answer

A) transport proteins. 
B) permeases. 
C) carriers. 
D) peptidases. 
E) transport proteins, permeases AND carriers. 
A) transport proteins. 
B) permeases. 
C) carriers. 
D) peptidases. 
E) transport proteins, permeases AND carriers.

Question 13

Which of the following stains is/are considered differential?

Accepted Answer

A) capsule stain. 
B) flagella stain. 
C) acid-fast stain. 
D) Gram stain. 
E) acid-fast stain AND Gram stain. 
A) capsule stain. 
B) flagella stain. 
C) acid-fast stain. 
D) Gram stain. 
E) acid-fast stain AND Gram stain.

Question 14

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

Accepted Answer

A) phase contrast 
B) interference 
C) bright-field 
D) dark-field 
A) phase contrast 
B) interference 
C) bright-field 
D) dark-field

Question 15

Basic dyes

Accepted Answer

A) have negative charges. 
B) have positive charges. 
C) are electrically neutral. 
D) contain both positively and negatively charged particles. 
A) have negative charges. 
B) have positive charges. 
C) are electrically neutral. 
D) contain both positively and negatively charged particles.

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The capsule

Accepted Answer

A) may be used for protection. 
B) may be used to help the bacteria adhere to surfaces. 
C) may be involved in movement. 
D) may be involved in energy production. 
E) may be used for protection AND may be used to help the bacteria adhere to surfaces. 
A) may be used for protection. 
B) may be used to help the bacteria adhere to surfaces. 
C) may be involved in movement. 
D) may be involved in energy production. 
E) may be used for protection AND may be used to help the bacteria adhere to surfaces.

Question 18

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan. 
B) contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
C) is, due to its thickness, an excellent barrier to most molecules. 
D) contains an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E) contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan AND contains an outer membrane containing LPS. 
A) contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan. 
B) contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
C) is, due to its thickness, an excellent barrier to most molecules. 
D) contains an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E) contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan AND contains an outer membrane containing LPS.

Question 19

Which molecules are associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) peptidoglycan 
B) D-form amino acids 
C) teichoic acids 
D) LPS 
E) peptidoglycan, D-form amino acids AND teichoic acids 
A) peptidoglycan 
B) D-form amino acids 
C) teichoic acids 
D) LPS 
E) peptidoglycan, D-form amino acids AND teichoic acids

Question 20

Eukaryotic cells are

Accepted Answer

A) less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B) members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C) defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D) able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E) less complex than prokaryotic cells, members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea AND able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
A) less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B) members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C) defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D) able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E) less complex than prokaryotic cells, members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea AND able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Which is true of simple diffusion of water?

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Lysosomes are bags of digestive enzymes found in prokaryotic cells.

Which may result in Gram-positive bacteria appearing to be Gram-negative?

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are the

In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used to

Which fluorescent stain would be useful for distinguishing between dead and living bacteria?

A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug

Cilia and flagella project from the cell and are not covered by cytoplasmic membrane.

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell, are called

Which of the following stains is/are considered differential?

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

Basic dyes

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.

The capsule

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

Which molecules are associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Eukaryotic cells are

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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