Question 1

Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  cystitis with pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
B)  circulatory shock 
C)  persistent bilateral glomerulonephritis 
D)  obstruction of a ureter by a renal calculus 
A)  cystitis with pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
B)  circulatory shock 
C)  persistent bilateral glomerulonephritis 
D)  obstruction of a ureter by a renal calculus

Question 2

What does hydronephrosis lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  ischemia and fibrosis in the compressed area 
B)  multiple hemorrhages in the kidney 
C)  severe colicky pain radiating into the groin 
D)  increased GFR 
A)  ischemia and fibrosis in the compressed area 
B)  multiple hemorrhages in the kidney 
C)  severe colicky pain radiating into the groin 
D)  increased GFR

Question 3

What is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased reabsorption of sodium and water 
B)  decreased reabsorption of H+ in the tubules 
C)  increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  inhibition of renin 
A)  decreased reabsorption of sodium and water 
B)  decreased reabsorption of H+ in the tubules 
C)  increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  inhibition of renin

Question 4

Which pathophysiologic process applies to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  streptococcal infection affects both the glomerular and tubule functions 
B)  ischemic damage occurs in the tubules,causing obstruction and decreased GFR 
C)  immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue,causing inflammation 
D)  increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons 
A)  streptococcal infection affects both the glomerular and tubule functions 
B)  ischemic damage occurs in the tubules,causing obstruction and decreased GFR 
C)  immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue,causing inflammation 
D)  increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons

Question 5

Wilms' tumor is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a malignant tumor in the bladder 
B)  an encapsulated mass in one kidney 
C)  not considered to have a genetic origin 
D)  manifested in adulthood 
A)  a malignant tumor in the bladder 
B)  an encapsulated mass in one kidney 
C)  not considered to have a genetic origin 
D)  manifested in adulthood

Question 6

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  an ascending infection by E.coli 
B)  abnormal immune response,causing inflammation 
C)  dialysis or other invasive procedure 
D)  virulent bacteria in the blood 
A)  an ascending infection by E.coli 
B)  abnormal immune response,causing inflammation 
C)  dialysis or other invasive procedure 
D)  virulent bacteria in the blood

Question 7

Circulatory shock causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR and increased renin secretion 
B)  increased ADH and decreased aldosterone secretion 
C)  immediate tubule necrosis and obstruction 
D)  SNS stimulation and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles 
E)  increased angiotensin II and systemic vasodilation 
A)  decreased GFR and increased renin secretion 
B)  increased ADH and decreased aldosterone secretion 
C)  immediate tubule necrosis and obstruction 
D)  SNS stimulation and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles 
E)  increased angiotensin II and systemic vasodilation

Question 8

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis,the glomerular inflammation results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the antecedent infection 
B)  type III hypersensitivity reaction 
C)  ascending infection from the bladder 
D)  spread of infection from the tubules 
A)  the antecedent infection 
B)  type III hypersensitivity reaction 
C)  ascending infection from the bladder 
D)  spread of infection from the tubules

Question 9

What is a cause of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged circulatory shock 
B)  sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins 
C)  crush injuries or burns 
D)  all of the above 
A)  prolonged circulatory shock 
B)  sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins 
C)  crush injuries or burns 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus?

Accepted Answer

A)  mild flank pain on the affected side 
B)  hydronephrosis in both kidneys 
C)  immediate cessation of urine production 
D)  an attack of renal colic 
A)  mild flank pain on the affected side 
B)  hydronephrosis in both kidneys 
C)  immediate cessation of urine production 
D)  an attack of renal colic

Question 11

Uremic signs of renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  encephalopathy 
B)  congestive heart failure 
C)  osteodystrophy 
D)  azotemia and acidosis 
A)  encephalopathy 
B)  congestive heart failure 
C)  osteodystrophy 
D)  azotemia and acidosis

Question 12

Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because:

Accepted Answer

A)  albuminuria increases vascular volume 
B)  congestion and ischemia stimulates release of renin 
C)  ADH secretion is decreased 
D)  damaged tubules absorb large amounts of filtrate 
A)  albuminuria increases vascular volume 
B)  congestion and ischemia stimulates release of renin 
C)  ADH secretion is decreased 
D)  damaged tubules absorb large amounts of filtrate

Question 13

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  afferent arteriole 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  afferent arteriole

Question 14

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder 
B)  renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter 
C)  ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder 
D)  collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra 
A)  collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder 
B)  renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter 
C)  ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder 
D)  collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra

Question 15

Normally,which of the following is reabsorbed completely from the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  sodium 
C)  water 
D)  urea 
A)  glucose 
B)  sodium 
C)  water 
D)  urea

Question 16

Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing blood pressure 
B)  dilation of the afferent arterioles 
C)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction 
A)  decreasing blood pressure 
B)  dilation of the afferent arterioles 
C)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction

Question 17

When acidosis becomes decompensated in renal failure,a key indicator is:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased PCO2 
B)  increased bicarbonate ion 
C)  serum pH dropping below 7.35 
D)  serum buffer ratio of 20 bicarbonate ion to 1 carbonic acid 
A)  increased PCO2 
B)  increased bicarbonate ion 
C)  serum pH dropping below 7.35 
D)  serum buffer ratio of 20 bicarbonate ion to 1 carbonic acid

Question 18

Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  hyperlipidemia 
C)  inadequate fluid intake 
D)  hyperuricemia 
A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  hyperlipidemia 
C)  inadequate fluid intake 
D)  hyperuricemia

Question 19

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  hormonal imbalance 
C)  repeated infections 
D)  a genetic defect 
A)  direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  hormonal imbalance 
C)  repeated infections 
D)  a genetic defect

Question 20

Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostatic cancer 
B)  hormonal abnormalities 
C)  exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke 
D)  presence of embryonic tissue 
A)  prostatic cancer 
B)  hormonal abnormalities 
C)  exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke 
D)  presence of embryonic tissue

Exam 21: Urinary System Disorders

Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?

What does hydronephrosis lead to?

What is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

Which pathophysiologic process applies to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Wilms' tumor is:

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

Circulatory shock causes:

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis,the glomerular inflammation results from:

What is a cause of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?

Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus?

Uremic signs of renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:

Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because:

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

Normally,which of the following is reabsorbed completely from the filtrate?

Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?

When acidosis becomes decompensated in renal failure,a key indicator is:

Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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