Question 1

The primary organ of drug metabolism is the:

Accepted Answer

A) Liver. 
B) Kidney. 
C) Skin. 
D) Lungs. 
A) Liver. 
B) Kidney. 
C) Skin. 
D) Lungs. A

Question 2

P-glycoprotein is a carrier or transporter that brings drugs across cell membranes.Which statement is true regarding P-glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A) P-glycoprotein is responsible for the transport of hydrophilic substances. 
B) Grapefruit juice can interact with P-glycoprotein and change the bioavailability of certain drugs. 
C) P-glycoprotein is found exclusively on small intestine villi. 
D) Changes in P-glycoproteins are unlikely to affect the distribution and elimination of drugs. 
A) P-glycoprotein is responsible for the transport of hydrophilic substances. 
B) Grapefruit juice can interact with P-glycoprotein and change the bioavailability of certain drugs. 
C) P-glycoprotein is found exclusively on small intestine villi. 
D) Changes in P-glycoproteins are unlikely to affect the distribution and elimination of drugs. B

Question 3

Drug A binds to its receptor and remains bound despite increasing concentrations of an agonist.Drug A is which type of drug?

Accepted Answer

A) Competitive antagonist 
B) Noncompetitive antagonist 
C) Partial agonist 
D) Full agonist 
A) Competitive antagonist 
B) Noncompetitive antagonist 
C) Partial agonist 
D) Full agonist B

Question 4

The liver enzymes responsible for the metabolism of approximately 75% of drugs are:

Accepted Answer

A) Cytochrome P450 enzymes. 
B) Acetylation enzymes. 
C) Esterases. 
D) Glucuronidases. 
A) Cytochrome P450 enzymes. 
B) Acetylation enzymes. 
C) Esterases. 
D) Glucuronidases.

Question 5

Tetracycline is an example of a drug that distributes in which tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone and teeth 
B) Blood 
C) Brain 
D) Fat 
A) Bone and teeth 
B) Blood 
C) Brain 
D) Fat

Question 6

The pharmacologic term selectivity refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) Drugs that have a preference for acting at certain binding sites or receptors. 
B) Drugs that bind to receptors via covalent bonds. 
C) Drugs that have a strong dose-response curve. 
D) Drugs that act as enzyme inhibitors. 
A) Drugs that have a preference for acting at certain binding sites or receptors. 
B) Drugs that bind to receptors via covalent bonds. 
C) Drugs that have a strong dose-response curve. 
D) Drugs that act as enzyme inhibitors.

Question 7

Which term refers to the pharmacokinetic process by which a drug moves from its site of administration,such as the muscle (given as an IM drug),into the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A) Distribution 
B) Metabolism 
C) Absorption 
D) Elimination 
A) Distribution 
B) Metabolism 
C) Absorption 
D) Elimination

Question 8

Which combination is an example of a potentially toxic drug interaction with isoenzyme CYP2D6?

Accepted Answer

A) Quinidine and tricyclic antidepressants 
B) Aspirin and clopidogrel 
C) Nicotine and theophylline 
D) Grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers 
A) Quinidine and tricyclic antidepressants 
B) Aspirin and clopidogrel 
C) Nicotine and theophylline 
D) Grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers

Question 9

Which statement best defines the term ED50?

Accepted Answer

A) The dose at which 50% of a population of human test subjects will respond with an expected effect. 
B) The dose at which 50% of a population of human test subjects would die from taking a drug. 
C) The dose at which 50% of a population of animals would produce signs of toxicity. 
D) The ratio between the lethal and the effective dose. 
A) The dose at which 50% of a population of human test subjects will respond with an expected effect. 
B) The dose at which 50% of a population of human test subjects would die from taking a drug. 
C) The dose at which 50% of a population of animals would produce signs of toxicity. 
D) The ratio between the lethal and the effective dose.

Question 10

Drug A activates beta-receptors but has less of an effect than epinephrine,one of the endogenous agonists for beta-receptors.Which term best describes drug A?

Accepted Answer

A) Partial agonist 
B) Competitive antagonist 
C) Irreversible antagonist 
D) Full agonist 
A) Partial agonist 
B) Competitive antagonist 
C) Irreversible antagonist 
D) Full agonist

Question 11

Which statement regarding drug receptor activity is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) A drug can produce numerous effects if more than one set of receptors responds to it. 
B) Intensity of response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied. 
C) Receptors exist exclusively on a cell membrane. 
D) All receptors of a given type are identical and equally accessible to drugs. 
A) A drug can produce numerous effects if more than one set of receptors responds to it. 
B) Intensity of response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied. 
C) Receptors exist exclusively on a cell membrane. 
D) All receptors of a given type are identical and equally accessible to drugs.

Question 12

Which option best defines the term affinity?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability of a drug to initiate a biological effect upon binding to receptors 
B) The quantity of a drug relative to the number of its receptors 
C) The minimum effective dose of a drug 
D) The strength of binding between a drug and its receptor 
A) The ability of a drug to initiate a biological effect upon binding to receptors 
B) The quantity of a drug relative to the number of its receptors 
C) The minimum effective dose of a drug 
D) The strength of binding between a drug and its receptor

Question 13

If drug A and drug B are both agonists and drug A produces a maximum pharmacological response at half the dose of drug B,then drug A is:

Accepted Answer

A) Half as potent as drug B 
B) Twice as potent as drug B 
C) As potent as drug B 
D) Three times as potent as drug B 
A) Half as potent as drug B 
B) Twice as potent as drug B 
C) As potent as drug B 
D) Three times as potent as drug B

Question 14

Clinicians monitor the levels of certain drugs for different reasons.Which would not be an indication to monitor the level of a drug?

Accepted Answer

A) The drug is often taken in overdose. 
B) The drug's effects are dangerous when the patient is noncompliant. 
C) The drug has a high therapeutic window. 
D) The drug's concentrations are not predictable from dosing parameters. 
A) The drug is often taken in overdose. 
B) The drug's effects are dangerous when the patient is noncompliant. 
C) The drug has a high therapeutic window. 
D) The drug's concentrations are not predictable from dosing parameters.

Question 15

Which factor does not help to determine the way a receptor will respond to a drug?

Accepted Answer

A) Receptor's affinity for the drug 
B) Efficacy of the drug 
C) Potency of the drug 
D) Therapeutic index of a drug 
A) Receptor's affinity for the drug 
B) Efficacy of the drug 
C) Potency of the drug 
D) Therapeutic index of a drug

Question 16

The measure of the time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the bloodstream is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) ED50. 
B) TD50. 
C) Half-life. 
D) Clearance. 
A) ED50. 
B) TD50. 
C) Half-life. 
D) Clearance.

Question 17

Which receptor type is most common in humans and acts as a receptor for many hormones,acetylcholine,adrenoreceptors,and chemokines?

Accepted Answer

A) Transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor 
B) Second messenger systems 
C) Ion channels 
D) Nuclear receptors 
A) Transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor 
B) Second messenger systems 
C) Ion channels 
D) Nuclear receptors

Question 18

Which statement regarding drug-receptor behavior is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The intensity of response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied. 
B) A drug's intensity and duration of effect are irreversible because forces holding the drug to its receptor are strong. 
C) All receptors for drugs are located externally on the cell membrane. 
D) All drugs are selective in that they bind to one type of receptor and produce very predictable and specific effects. 
A) The intensity of response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied. 
B) A drug's intensity and duration of effect are irreversible because forces holding the drug to its receptor are strong. 
C) All receptors for drugs are located externally on the cell membrane. 
D) All drugs are selective in that they bind to one type of receptor and produce very predictable and specific effects.

Question 19

Drugs can act on enzymes to cause a variety of effects.Aspirin and NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Cyclooxygenase (COX)enzyme inhibition 
B) Xanthine oxidase inhibition 
C) cAMP inhibition 
D) Lipooxygenase inhibition 
A) Cyclooxygenase (COX)enzyme inhibition 
B) Xanthine oxidase inhibition 
C) cAMP inhibition 
D) Lipooxygenase inhibition

Question 20

The margin of safety between the dose needed to produce benefits and the dose needed to cause harmful or toxic effects is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Therapeutic index. 
B) Effective dose (ED50). 
C) Dose response effect. 
D) Area under the curve. 
A) Therapeutic index. 
B) Effective dose (ED50). 
C) Dose response effect. 
D) Area under the curve.

Exam 2: An Introduction to Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

The primary organ of drug metabolism is the:

P-glycoprotein is a carrier or transporter that brings drugs across cell membranes.Which statement is true regarding P-glycoprotein?

Drug A binds to its receptor and remains bound despite increasing concentrations of an agonist.Drug A is which type of drug?

The liver enzymes responsible for the metabolism of approximately 75% of drugs are:

Tetracycline is an example of a drug that distributes in which tissue?

The pharmacologic term selectivity refers to:

Which term refers to the pharmacokinetic process by which a drug moves from its site of administration,such as the muscle (given as an IM drug),into the circulatory system?

Which combination is an example of a potentially toxic drug interaction with isoenzyme CYP2D6?

Which statement best defines the term ED50?

Drug A activates beta-receptors but has less of an effect than epinephrine,one of the endogenous agonists for beta-receptors.Which term best describes drug A?

Which statement regarding drug receptor activity is not true?

Which option best defines the term affinity?

If drug A and drug B are both agonists and drug A produces a maximum pharmacological response at half the dose of drug B,then drug A is:

Clinicians monitor the levels of certain drugs for different reasons.Which would not be an indication to monitor the level of a drug?

Which factor does not help to determine the way a receptor will respond to a drug?

The measure of the time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the bloodstream is known as the:

Which receptor type is most common in humans and acts as a receptor for many hormones,acetylcholine,adrenoreceptors,and chemokines?

Which statement regarding drug-receptor behavior is correct?

Drugs can act on enzymes to cause a variety of effects.Aspirin and NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by which of the following mechanisms?

The margin of safety between the dose needed to produce benefits and the dose needed to cause harmful or toxic effects is known as the:

Conscientious and Rational Prescribing in the 21st Century

Communicating With Patients About Medications: a Patient-Centered Approach

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bone and Joint Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Eye and Ear Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders

Drugs Used to Regulate Blood Pressure

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Blood Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Common Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Used to Treat Endocrine Gland Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Drugs Used to Treat Common Neurological Conditions

Practical Pharmacotherapy of Drugs Used to Treat Psychiatric Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Skin Disorders

Modern Approaches to Managing Bacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonbacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neoplasms

Drugs Used to Affect Womens Health

Drugs Used to Affect Mens Health

Prescribing for the Geriatric Patient

Prescribing for the Pediatric Patient

Drugs Used to Manage Pain

The Integrative Medicine Pharmacopoeia: Herbals, vitamins, and Dietary Supplements

Agents Used to Manipulate the Immune Response

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