Question 1

The Cockcroft and Gault equation factors in all of the following parameters except:

Accepted Answer

A) Age. 
B) Weight. 
C) Serum creatinine. 
D) Muscle mass. 
E) Gender. 
A) Age. 
B) Weight. 
C) Serum creatinine. 
D) Muscle mass. 
E) Gender. D

Question 2

A 67-year-old female complains of urine leakage that occurs when she coughs,sneezes,or runs on a treadmill.Which type of incontinence does she have?

Accepted Answer

A) Urge incontinence 
B) Overflow incontinence 
C) Neurogenic incontinence 
D) Stress incontinence 
A) Urge incontinence 
B) Overflow incontinence 
C) Neurogenic incontinence 
D) Stress incontinence D

Question 3

Which irreversible complication of typical antipsychotics is characterized by involuntary movements of the face,lip smacking,and other tics?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute dystonic reactions 
B) Torticollis 
C) Akathisia 
D) Tardive dyskinesia 
A) Acute dystonic reactions 
B) Torticollis 
C) Akathisia 
D) Tardive dyskinesia D

Question 4

Which treatment is least appropriate for management of degenerative joint disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Use of chronic NSAIDs 
B) Acetaminophen 
C) Referral for physical therapy 
D) Referral to an orthopedist for joint injections 
A) Use of chronic NSAIDs 
B) Acetaminophen 
C) Referral for physical therapy 
D) Referral to an orthopedist for joint injections

Question 5

NSAIDs are associated with all of the following adverse effects except:

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased renal function. 
B) Increased blood pressure. 
C) Gastrointestinal toxicity. 
D) Increased cardiovascular risk. 
E) Sedation and confusion. 
A) Decreased renal function. 
B) Increased blood pressure. 
C) Gastrointestinal toxicity. 
D) Increased cardiovascular risk. 
E) Sedation and confusion.

Question 6

Which type of drug is used the most in the institutionalized adult patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Antipsychotics 
B) Analgesics 
C) Gastrointestinal medications 
D) Dermatologic medications 
E) Antihistamines 
A) Antipsychotics 
B) Analgesics 
C) Gastrointestinal medications 
D) Dermatologic medications 
E) Antihistamines

Question 7

Which drug class should the elderly and their caregivers be counseled to avoid when concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors is used for dementia?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillins 
B) Antihistamines 
C) Antifungals 
D) Antiepileptics 
A) Penicillins 
B) Antihistamines 
C) Antifungals 
D) Antiepileptics

Question 8

Major side effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Bradycardia. 
B) Nausea. 
C) Anorexia. 
D) Diarrhea. 
E) Bullous rash. 
A) Bradycardia. 
B) Nausea. 
C) Anorexia. 
D) Diarrhea. 
E) Bullous rash.

Question 9

Which short-acting benzodiazepine is safest to use for anxiety in the elderly population?

Accepted Answer

A) diazepam (Valium) 
B) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 
C) clorazepate (Tranxene) 
D) lorazepam (Ativan) 
A) diazepam (Valium) 
B) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 
C) clorazepate (Tranxene) 
D) lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 10

The most commonly used drugs among community-dwelling adults are:

Accepted Answer

A) Analgesics. 
B) Cardiovascular medications. 
C) Dermatologic preparations. 
D) Sedative-hypnotics. 
A) Analgesics. 
B) Cardiovascular medications. 
C) Dermatologic preparations. 
D) Sedative-hypnotics.

Question 11

Which statement regarding changes in pharmacodynamics in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Altered receptor sensitivity in older adults can cause increased CNS sedation with benzodiazepines,opiates,and neuroleptics. 
B) Elderly patients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics. 
C) Elderly patients are more responsive to beta-adrenergic blockers,such as metoprolol. 
D) Elderly patients are less likely to experience adverse effects at normal doses. 
A) Altered receptor sensitivity in older adults can cause increased CNS sedation with benzodiazepines,opiates,and neuroleptics. 
B) Elderly patients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics. 
C) Elderly patients are more responsive to beta-adrenergic blockers,such as metoprolol. 
D) Elderly patients are less likely to experience adverse effects at normal doses.

Question 12

Which antimuscarinic drug is used for the treatment of overactive bladder and urge incontinence?

Accepted Answer

A) darifenacin (Enablex) 
B) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) 
C) terazosin (Hytrin) 
D) phenazopyridine (Pyridium) 
A) darifenacin (Enablex) 
B) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) 
C) terazosin (Hytrin) 
D) phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Question 13

Which statement regarding hypertension in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypertension is diagnosed in more than 70% of older adults. 
B) Diastolic blood pressure is the main target. 
C) Systolic blood pressure decreases with age. 
D) Lifestyle changes,such as a low-sodium diet and reduction in body weight,have little effect on blood pressure. 
E) Orthostatic hypotension is not a common problem in patients treated with antihypertensives. 
A) Hypertension is diagnosed in more than 70% of older adults. 
B) Diastolic blood pressure is the main target. 
C) Systolic blood pressure decreases with age. 
D) Lifestyle changes,such as a low-sodium diet and reduction in body weight,have little effect on blood pressure. 
E) Orthostatic hypotension is not a common problem in patients treated with antihypertensives.

Question 14

If a patient with Alzheimer's disease is taking donepezil (Aricept)and is found to also have urinary incontinence issues,providing that patient medications such as oxybutynin (Ditropan)and tolterodine (Detrol)could result in:

Accepted Answer

A) Increased side effects. 
B) Reduced side effects. 
C) Increased effectiveness of both agents. 
D) Neutralization of effects of both agents. 
A) Increased side effects. 
B) Reduced side effects. 
C) Increased effectiveness of both agents. 
D) Neutralization of effects of both agents.

Question 15

Drugs with anticholinergic properties cause all of the following problems in the elderly except:

Accepted Answer

A) Increased sedation. 
B) Visual problems. 
C) Hyper alertness. 
D) Increase risk of falling. 
A) Increased sedation. 
B) Visual problems. 
C) Hyper alertness. 
D) Increase risk of falling.

Question 16

As with patients taking ACEIs,patients taking angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)must be monitored for:

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperkalemia. 
B) Dementia. 
C) Confusion. 
D) Hypercalcemia. 
A) Hyperkalemia. 
B) Dementia. 
C) Confusion. 
D) Hypercalcemia.

Question 17

A patient is given an antidepressant for diabetic neuropathy and sees you 1 month later with complaints of constipation,dry mouth,palpitations,difficulty urinating,light-headedness,and blurry vision.Which medications most likely caused her problems?

Accepted Answer

A) amitriptyline (Elavil) 
B) sertraline (Zoloft) 
C) divalproex (Depakote) 
D) risperidone (Risperdal) 
E) bupropion (Wellbutrin) 
A) amitriptyline (Elavil) 
B) sertraline (Zoloft) 
C) divalproex (Depakote) 
D) risperidone (Risperdal) 
E) bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Question 18

Which statement regarding pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoalbuminemia can increase drug effects by increasing the amount of free drug. 
B) Elderly patients experience no change in first-pass effect. 
C) Liver size and blood flow are not affected by age. 
D) Phase I and phase II metabolism are not affected by age in normal patients. 
A) Hypoalbuminemia can increase drug effects by increasing the amount of free drug. 
B) Elderly patients experience no change in first-pass effect. 
C) Liver size and blood flow are not affected by age. 
D) Phase I and phase II metabolism are not affected by age in normal patients.

Question 19

Which statement regarding use of opiates in older adults is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are dangerous and should be avoided in the elderly 
B) They cause constipation that must be managed with laxatives and osmotic agents 
C) They are less effective in the elderly 
D) They are not commonly associated with confusion or sedation 
A) They are dangerous and should be avoided in the elderly 
B) They cause constipation that must be managed with laxatives and osmotic agents 
C) They are less effective in the elderly 
D) They are not commonly associated with confusion or sedation

Question 20

The drug type and primary mechanism of action of the medications used to treat urge incontinence are:

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha-one agonist that affects the urethral sphincter. 
B) Antimuscarinic drugs that affect detrusor muscle. 
C) Alpha-one antagonists that improve urinary outflow. 
D) Beta agonists that relax urinary smooth muscle. 
A) Alpha-one agonist that affects the urethral sphincter. 
B) Antimuscarinic drugs that affect detrusor muscle. 
C) Alpha-one antagonists that improve urinary outflow. 
D) Beta agonists that relax urinary smooth muscle.

Exam 22: Prescribing for the Geriatric Patient

The Cockcroft and Gault equation factors in all of the following parameters except:

A 67-year-old female complains of urine leakage that occurs when she coughs,sneezes,or runs on a treadmill.Which type of incontinence does she have?

Which irreversible complication of typical antipsychotics is characterized by involuntary movements of the face,lip smacking,and other tics?

Which treatment is least appropriate for management of degenerative joint disease?

NSAIDs are associated with all of the following adverse effects except:

Which type of drug is used the most in the institutionalized adult patients?

Which drug class should the elderly and their caregivers be counseled to avoid when concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors is used for dementia?

Major side effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors include all of the following except:

Which short-acting benzodiazepine is safest to use for anxiety in the elderly population?

The most commonly used drugs among community-dwelling adults are:

Which statement regarding changes in pharmacodynamics in the elderly is true?

Which antimuscarinic drug is used for the treatment of overactive bladder and urge incontinence?

Which statement regarding hypertension in the elderly is true?

If a patient with Alzheimer's disease is taking donepezil (Aricept)and is found to also have urinary incontinence issues,providing that patient medications such as oxybutynin (Ditropan)and tolterodine (Detrol)could result in:

Drugs with anticholinergic properties cause all of the following problems in the elderly except:

As with patients taking ACEIs,patients taking angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)must be monitored for:

A patient is given an antidepressant for diabetic neuropathy and sees you 1 month later with complaints of constipation,dry mouth,palpitations,difficulty urinating,light-headedness,and blurry vision.Which medications most likely caused her problems?

Which statement regarding pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly is true?

Which statement regarding use of opiates in older adults is true?

The drug type and primary mechanism of action of the medications used to treat urge incontinence are:

Conscientious and Rational Prescribing in the 21st Century

An Introduction to Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Communicating With Patients About Medications: a Patient-Centered Approach

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bone and Joint Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Eye and Ear Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders

Drugs Used to Regulate Blood Pressure

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Blood Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Common Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Used to Treat Endocrine Gland Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Drugs Used to Treat Common Neurological Conditions

Practical Pharmacotherapy of Drugs Used to Treat Psychiatric Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Skin Disorders

Modern Approaches to Managing Bacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonbacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neoplasms

Drugs Used to Affect Womens Health

Drugs Used to Affect Mens Health

Prescribing for the Pediatric Patient

Drugs Used to Manage Pain

The Integrative Medicine Pharmacopoeia: Herbals, vitamins, and Dietary Supplements

Agents Used to Manipulate the Immune Response

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