Question 1

The study of respondent behavior is to ________ as the study of operant behavior is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov;Skinner 
B)  Thorndike;Skinner 
C)  Skinner;Thorndike 
D)  Thorndike;Pavlov 
A)  Pavlov;Skinner 
B)  Thorndike;Skinner 
C)  Skinner;Thorndike 
D)  Thorndike;Pavlov

Question 2

A conditioned reinforcer gains its reinforcing power through its link with a

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative stimulus. 
B)  primary reinforcer. 
C)  delayed reinforcer. 
D)  respondent behavior. 
A)  discriminative stimulus. 
B)  primary reinforcer. 
C)  delayed reinforcer. 
D)  respondent behavior.

Question 3

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

Accepted Answer

A)  two responses. 
B)  two stimuli. 
C)  two reinforcers. 
D)  behaviors and their consequences. 
A)  two responses. 
B)  two stimuli. 
C)  two reinforcers. 
D)  behaviors and their consequences.

Question 4

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise,operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you

Accepted Answer

A)  specify your exercise goals and how you plan to achieve them. 
B)  congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goals. 
C)  never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals. 
D)  avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period. 
A)  specify your exercise goals and how you plan to achieve them. 
B)  congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goals. 
C)  never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals. 
D)  avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period.

Question 5

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer 
B)  immediate reinforcer ;delayed reinforcer 
C)  reinforcement;punishment 
D)  primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer 
A)  positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer 
B)  immediate reinforcer ;delayed reinforcer 
C)  reinforcement;punishment 
D)  primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer

Question 6

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive processes. 
B)  biological predispositions. 
C)  a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. 
D)  latent learning. 
A)  cognitive processes. 
B)  biological predispositions. 
C)  a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. 
D)  latent learning.

Question 7

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  generalization 
D)  discrimination 
A)  higher-order conditioning 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  generalization 
D)  discrimination

Question 8

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious,mouth-watering meal.Later,when Gavin was given a tour of the property,he drooled with delight.For Gavin,the lakeshore property was a

Accepted Answer

A)  US. 
B)  CS. 
C)  UR. 
D)  CR. 
A)  US. 
B)  CS. 
C)  UR. 
D)  CR.

Question 9

After his mother smiles,Jimmy's request for a snack is reinforced.But if his mother is not smiling,his subsequent request for a snack is not reinforced.By indicating that Jimmy's request for a snack will be reinforced,the mother's smile is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  discriminative stimulus. 
C)  respondent behavior. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  discriminative stimulus. 
C)  respondent behavior. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 10

Conditioning is the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  learning associations. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  discrimination. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  learning associations. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 11

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Accepted Answer

A)  it highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning. 
B)  so many different species of animals,including humans,can be classically conditioned. 
C)  it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning. 
D)  all learning depends on respondent behavior. 
A)  it highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning. 
B)  so many different species of animals,including humans,can be classically conditioned. 
C)  it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning. 
D)  all learning depends on respondent behavior.

Question 12

Most psychologists would advise parents who want to change a child's bad behavior to make use of

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping over modeling. 
B)  reinforcement over punishment. 
C)  classical conditioning over operant conditioning. 
D)  primary reinforcers over secondary reinforcers. 
A)  shaping over modeling. 
B)  reinforcement over punishment. 
C)  classical conditioning over operant conditioning. 
D)  primary reinforcers over secondary reinforcers.

Question 13

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination.

Question 14

B.F.Skinner recommended that we control behavior with ________ rather than with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers;secondary reinforcers 
B)  delayed reinforcement;immediate reinforcement 
C)  modeling;conditioning 
D)  reinforcement;punishment 
A)  primary reinforcers;secondary reinforcers 
B)  delayed reinforcement;immediate reinforcement 
C)  modeling;conditioning 
D)  reinforcement;punishment

Question 15

Negative reinforcement________ the rate of operant responding,and punishment________ the rate of operant responding.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases;decreases 
B)  decreases;increases 
C)  decreases;decreases 
D)  has no effect on;decreases 
A)  increases;decreases 
B)  decreases;increases 
C)  decreases;decreases 
D)  has no effect on;decreases

Question 16

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker)conditioned stimulus.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  higher-order conditioning. 
A)  discrimination. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  higher-order conditioning.

Question 17

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer 
B)  primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer 
C)  immediate reinforcer;delayed reinforcer 
D)  reinforcement;punishment 
A)  positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer 
B)  primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer 
C)  immediate reinforcer;delayed reinforcer 
D)  reinforcement;punishment

Question 18

A positive reinforcer is anything that when ________ a response,strengthens the response.

Accepted Answer

A)  introduced before 
B)  removed after 
C)  introduced after 
D)  removed before 
A)  introduced before 
B)  removed after 
C)  introduced after 
D)  removed before

Question 19

Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  instinctive drift. 
D)  theory of mind. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  instinctive drift. 
D)  theory of mind.

Question 20

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  primary 
D)  conditioned 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  primary 
D)  conditioned

The study of respondent behavior is to as the study of operant behavior is to .

A conditioned reinforcer gains its reinforcing power through its link with a

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise,operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to .

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious,mouth-watering meal.Later,when Gavin was given a tour of the property,he drooled with delight.For Gavin,the lakeshore property was a

After his mother smiles,Jimmy's request for a snack is reinforced.But if his mother is not smiling,his subsequent request for a snack is not reinforced.By indicating that Jimmy's request for a snack will be reinforced,the mother's smile is a(n)

Conditioning is the process of

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Most psychologists would advise parents who want to change a child's bad behavior to make use of

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

B.F.Skinner recommended that we control behavior with rather than with .

Negative reinforcement the rate of operant responding,and punishment the rate of operant responding.

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker)conditioned stimulus.This best illustrates

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as is to .

A positive reinforcer is anything that when ________ a response,strengthens the response.

Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Prologue

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives US-Hunger, Sex, and Friendship

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Psychology at Work

Filters

Exam 8: Learning

The study of respondent behavior is to ________ as the study of operant behavior is to ________.

A conditioned reinforcer gains its reinforcing power through its link with a

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise,operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious,mouth-watering meal.Later,when Gavin was given a tour of the property,he drooled with delight.For Gavin,the lakeshore property was a

After his mother smiles,Jimmy's request for a snack is reinforced.But if his mother is not smiling,his subsequent request for a snack is not reinforced.By indicating that Jimmy's request for a snack will be reinforced,the mother's smile is a(n)

Conditioning is the process of

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Most psychologists would advise parents who want to change a child's bad behavior to make use of

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

B.F.Skinner recommended that we control behavior with ________ rather than with ________.

Negative reinforcement________ the rate of operant responding,and punishment________ the rate of operant responding.

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker)conditioned stimulus.This best illustrates

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

A positive reinforcer is anything that when ________ a response,strengthens the response.

Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Prologue

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives US-Hunger, Sex, and Friendship

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Psychology at Work

Filters

The study of respondent behavior is to as the study of operant behavior is to .

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to .

B.F.Skinner recommended that we control behavior with rather than with .

Negative reinforcement the rate of operant responding,and punishment the rate of operant responding.

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as is to .