Exam 8: Learning

Associative learning is best illustrated by

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant,Colin became afraid to go to the restaurant.In this case,spanking was a(n)________ for Colin's fear.

An experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with food.The dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experimenter presents the light

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank,the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Giving a hungry rat food for pressing a bar before the rat has a chance to engage in other incidental behaviors like running or scratching best illustrates

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between

A hungry rat in an operant chamber is reinforced with food after pressing a bar only if a light on the chamber wall is on.If the rat learns to press the bar only when the light is on,this would indicate that the light is a(n)

Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?

A child learns to stop fighting with his brother after the fight leads to suspension of the child's video gaming privileges.In this case,the suspension of video gaming privileges is a

Shaping is a(n)________ procedure.

When seeing a couple warmly kiss and embrace,observers may vicariously experience and mentally simulate the romantic interaction.According to some researchers,this reaction of the observers is partially attributable to the activation of

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely,and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.This principle is called

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail.In this instance,the female quail is a

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

After Betty noticed that her best girlfriend often received praise from adults for good manners like saying "thank you," Betty began doing the same with the expectation of receiving praise from adults.This best illustrates

In a well-known experiment,preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on.This experiment served to illustrate the importance of

Using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit

Through direct experience with animals,we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp.This best illustrates