Exam 8: Learning

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs,a CR was

Intrinsic motivation refers to a desire to perform an activity

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

A mother frequently picks up her crying infant boy because the baby typically stops crying as soon as he is held.In this case,the mother is ________ when her son stops crying.

The predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning.This highlights the importance of ________ in conditioning.

Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.

Mandisa always picked up her infant daughter when she screamed because she couldn't have the toy she wanted.As a result,her daughter screams whenever she doesn't get her way.In this case,picking up the infant served as a(n)_________ for screaming.

A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of a human face,but not reinforced for pecking after seeing other images.By signaling that a pecking response will be reinforced,the image of a human face is a(n)

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired under conditions of

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident,Kim-Li still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping.This reaction best illustrates

Two-year-old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat.Philip now fears all small animals.His fear demonstrates the process of

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of

After reading a first-person account of another's experience of overcoming obstacles to vote,university students were subsequently more likely to vote in a presidential primary election.This best illustrates the impact of

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

One form of cognitive learning is called

An event that one of Pavlov's dogs could see or hear but did not associate with food was called a(n)

B.F.Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's