Exam 8: Learning

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

For Vina,cigarettes reduce feelings of tension and anxiety.Because of her heavy smoking,however,she has a bad morning cough and breathing difficulties.How can the principles of operant conditioning help to explain the development and continuation of Vina's self-defeating smoking habit? Explain the extent to which the reinforcement for Vina's habit is positive or negative,primary or conditioned,immediate or delayed,partial or continuous.

Last year,Dr.Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots.Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

Any stimulus that,when removed after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n)________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n)________ stimulus following a behavior.

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called

A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Without any explicit training from adults,many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars.This best illustrates the importance of

Mr.Schlenker has improved worker productivity at his furniture manufacturing plant by occasionally sending notes of appreciation to his hard-working employees.Mr.Schlenker has improved productivity by means of

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

Mason,a stockbroker,runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress.Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called

Two years ago,the de Castellane Manufacturing Company included its employees in a profit-sharing plan in which workers receive semi-annual bonuses based on the company's profits.Since this plan was initiated,worker productivity at de Castellane has nearly doubled.This productivity increase is best explained in terms of

We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are

After a week at college,Su-Chuan has formed a mental representation of the layout of the campus and no longer gets lost.Su-Chuan has developed a(n)

Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior.In this case,the time-out is a

Humans seem biologically predisposed to learn associations between the color red and sexuality because that specific color

Classical conditioning occurs most rapidly when the learner perceives the ________ to cause the ________.

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a