Exam 15: Language and Thought Part 1

Seven-year-old Tracy heard a joke in school and asks you: "How could you find a lost dog in the woods?" When you are stumped, she tells you: "You stand near a tree and listen for the bark." Tracy's play on words indicates that she is developing

A methodical, step-by-step procedure for trying all possible alternatives in searching for a solution to a problem is

Marie received a puzzle as a present for her birthday. The puzzle has three pegs, and to solve the puzzle a person is required to move nine disks from the center peg to one of the outside pegs. However, only one disk can be moved at a time, and a larger disk can never be placed on top of a smaller disk. Marie's puzzle is an example of

Rules exist that govern how words may be combined into phrases and sentences. This describes the critical property that language is

The trial and error approach to problem solving is most effective when

The fact that overextensions are more common in children's production of words than in their comprehension of words implies that overextensions occur because

Research by John Payne found that people adapt their decision-making approach to the demands of the task. Specifically, as choices become more complex, people tend to shift toward

Which of the following is NOT a common heuristic for problem-solving?

An 8-year-old shows irony and sarcasm in his speech by saying "That's just great, I'm a regular Michael Jordon!" after he misses a free throw in a basketball game; this suggests that his ____ has improved.

Results from studies in which researchers have attempted to teach chimpanzees to use non-verbal language (i.e., sign language or communication boards) indicate that

The English language contains approximately

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

The set of possible pathways to a solution considered by the problem solver is known as

Which type of theory BEST accounts for the apparent rapidity and ease of language acquisition in early childhood?

When your initial attempts to solve a problem are unsuccessful, it is a good strategy to

You apply to a graduate school that decides on who is accepted by demanding that three successive criteria be met: major GPA over 3.50; overall GPA over 3.00; GRE over 1000. Failure to meet any one eliminates an applicant. This is an example of

The word "unchangeable" consists of

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality, people tend to use

In which class of problems is it necessary to carry out a sequence of intermediate actions in order to solve the problem?