Question 1

A child who says, "I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  underregularization 
A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  underregularization

Question 2

The field dependent style is predominant in

Accepted Answer

A)  Western societies. 
B)  nomadic societies that depend on hunting and gathering for subsistence. 
C)  societies that stress lenient child-rearing practices. 
D)  sedentary agricultural societies. 
A)  Western societies. 
B)  nomadic societies that depend on hunting and gathering for subsistence. 
C)  societies that stress lenient child-rearing practices. 
D)  sedentary agricultural societies.

Question 3

Lance is trying to solve a complex anagram puzzle. He systematically tries every potential solution by testing each possible combination of the letters provided. In this case, Lance is

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward to solve the anagram. 
B)  using an algorithm to solve the anagram. 
C)  using a heuristic to solve the anagram. 
D)  using means-ends analysis to solve the anagram. 
A)  working backward to solve the anagram. 
B)  using an algorithm to solve the anagram. 
C)  using a heuristic to solve the anagram. 
D)  using means-ends analysis to solve the anagram.

Question 4

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by

Accepted Answer

A)  forming subgoals. 
B)  changing the representation of the problem. 
C)  working backward. 
D)  searching for analogies. 
A)  forming subgoals. 
B)  changing the representation of the problem. 
C)  working backward. 
D)  searching for analogies.

Question 5

Cognition refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events. 
B)  the use of language in a social context. 
C)  widely shared beliefs that are transmitted socially across generations. 
D)  the mental processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge. 
A)  focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events. 
B)  the use of language in a social context. 
C)  widely shared beliefs that are transmitted socially across generations. 
D)  the mental processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge.

Question 6

Critics of the research with Washoe and other chimps that were taught ASL focused on whether

Accepted Answer

A)  the chimps were able to generate phonemes required for true language. 
B)  the chimps had truly acquired the rules of language. 
C)  the chimps were able to understand the semantics or the meanings of the words they were producing. 
D)  ASL could be considered a true language. 
A)  the chimps were able to generate phonemes required for true language. 
B)  the chimps had truly acquired the rules of language. 
C)  the chimps were able to understand the semantics or the meanings of the words they were producing. 
D)  ASL could be considered a true language.

Question 7

Which of the following is a criticism of Skinner's model of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its concepts are extremely vague. 
B)  Children don't seem to learn transformational rules as Skinner said they should. 
C)  It is unreasonable to expect children to learn an infinite number of sentences by imitation. 
D)  Children don't respond to positive reinforcement until they are in preschool, after language is already established. 
A)  Its concepts are extremely vague. 
B)  Children don't seem to learn transformational rules as Skinner said they should. 
C)  It is unreasonable to expect children to learn an infinite number of sentences by imitation. 
D)  Children don't respond to positive reinforcement until they are in preschool, after language is already established.

Question 8

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to recognize one's own grammatical errors. 
B)  the ability to reflect on the use of language. 
C)  knowledge of which verbs are irregular. 
D)  awareness of the role of positive reinforcement in language acquisition. 
A)  the ability to recognize one's own grammatical errors. 
B)  the ability to reflect on the use of language. 
C)  knowledge of which verbs are irregular. 
D)  awareness of the role of positive reinforcement in language acquisition.

Question 9

When we say that language is generative, we mean that

Accepted Answer

A)  the symbols used in the language are arbitrary. 
B)  a limited number of symbols can be combined to produce an infinite variety of messages. 
C)  language is both written and oral. 
D)  sentences must be structured in a limited number of ways. 
A)  the symbols used in the language are arbitrary. 
B)  a limited number of symbols can be combined to produce an infinite variety of messages. 
C)  language is both written and oral. 
D)  sentences must be structured in a limited number of ways.

Question 10

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because

Accepted Answer

A)  earlier studies using the method of introspection had yielded unreliable results. 
B)  of the theoretical dominance of psychodynamic theories. 
C)  cognition was not considered to be a psychological function. 
D)  language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically. 
A)  earlier studies using the method of introspection had yielded unreliable results. 
B)  of the theoretical dominance of psychodynamic theories. 
C)  cognition was not considered to be a psychological function. 
D)  language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically.

Question 11

Evidence from research studies investigating bilingualism suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  bilinguals score higher than monolinguals in analytical reasoning and metalinguistic awareness. 
B)  bilingualism has a significant, negative effect on overall language development. 
C)  bilinguals are faster than monolinguals in language-processing speed. 
D)  bilinguals score lower than monolinguals in selective attention and cognitive flexibility. 
A)  bilinguals score higher than monolinguals in analytical reasoning and metalinguistic awareness. 
B)  bilingualism has a significant, negative effect on overall language development. 
C)  bilinguals are faster than monolinguals in language-processing speed. 
D)  bilinguals score lower than monolinguals in selective attention and cognitive flexibility.

Question 12

Functional fixedness is the

Accepted Answer

A)  inability to discover the relations among the parts of a problem. 
B)  inability to carry out a sequence of transformations in order to reach a specific goal. 
C)  tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use. 
D)  sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error. 
A)  inability to discover the relations among the parts of a problem. 
B)  inability to carry out a sequence of transformations in order to reach a specific goal. 
C)  tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use. 
D)  sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error.

Question 13

Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language.

Accepted Answer

A)  sound; meaning 
B)  sound; syntax 
C)  meaning; sound 
D)  meaning; syntax 
A)  sound; meaning 
B)  sound; syntax 
C)  meaning; sound 
D)  meaning; syntax

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic classes of problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  problems of transformation 
B)  problems of probability 
C)  problems of inducing structure 
D)  problems of arrangement 
A)  problems of transformation 
B)  problems of probability 
C)  problems of inducing structure 
D)  problems of arrangement

Question 15

Which of the following has NOT been described as a language-related behavior exhibited by Savage-Rumbauugh's star pupil, the chimpanzee Kanzi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kanzi acquired a vocabulary of hundreds of words and used thousands of word combinations 
B)  Kanzi developed comprehension of simple English sentences shown on a computer monitor 
C)  Kanzi developed comprehension of spoken English 
D)  Kanzi exhibited understanding and use of grammatical rules 
A)  Kanzi acquired a vocabulary of hundreds of words and used thousands of word combinations 
B)  Kanzi developed comprehension of simple English sentences shown on a computer monitor 
C)  Kanzi developed comprehension of spoken English 
D)  Kanzi exhibited understanding and use of grammatical rules

Question 16

If Beth is a typical infant, she will first show signs of understanding the meaning of familiar words such as Beth, milk, and Mommy at about ____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  12 
A)  5 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  12

Question 17

Some researchers have reported that in the first few months babies who are born deaf still coo and babble, just like babies who can hear. This research result is MOST supportive of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cognitive theory of language development. 
B)  the nativist theory of language development. 
C)  the behavioral theory of language development. 
D)  the linguistic relativity theory of language development. 
A)  the cognitive theory of language development. 
B)  the nativist theory of language development. 
C)  the behavioral theory of language development. 
D)  the linguistic relativity theory of language development.

Question 18

The word "psychology" consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  ten morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used. 
B)  one morpheme, for the entire word. 
C)  three morphemes, one for each syllable. 
D)  two morphemes: "psych," and "ology." 
A)  ten morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used. 
B)  one morpheme, for the entire word. 
C)  three morphemes, one for each syllable. 
D)  two morphemes: "psych," and "ology."

Question 19

According to the interactionist theories of language acquisition,

Accepted Answer

A)  children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping. 
B)  language acquisition is tied to children's progress in thinking. 
C)  children possess a built-in language acquisition device. 
D)  neural circuits supporting language emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences. 
A)  children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping. 
B)  language acquisition is tied to children's progress in thinking. 
C)  children possess a built-in language acquisition device. 
D)  neural circuits supporting language emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.

Question 20

Kanzi's ability to distinguish between "Pour the Coke in the lemonade" and "Pour the lemonade in the Coke" illustrates an understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  neither syntax nor semantics. 
B)  semantics, but not syntax. 
C)  both syntax and semantics. 
D)  syntax, but not semantics. 
A)  neither syntax nor semantics. 
B)  semantics, but not syntax. 
C)  both syntax and semantics. 
D)  syntax, but not semantics.

Exam 15: Language and Thought Part 1

A child who says, "I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?

The field dependent style is predominant in

Lance is trying to solve a complex anagram puzzle. He systematically tries every potential solution by testing each possible combination of the letters provided. In this case, Lance is

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by

Cognition refers to

Critics of the research with Washoe and other chimps that were taught ASL focused on whether

Which of the following is a criticism of Skinner's model of language acquisition?

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

When we say that language is generative, we mean that

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because

Evidence from research studies investigating bilingualism suggests that

Functional fixedness is the

Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic classes of problems?

Which of the following has NOT been described as a language-related behavior exhibited by Savage-Rumbauugh's star pupil, the chimpanzee Kanzi?

If Beth is a typical infant, she will first show signs of understanding the meaning of familiar words such as Beth, milk, and Mommy at about ____ months of age.

Some researchers have reported that in the first few months babies who are born deaf still coo and babble, just like babies who can hear. This research result is MOST supportive of

The word "psychology" consists of

According to the interactionist theories of language acquisition,

Kanzi's ability to distinguish between "Pour the Coke in the lemonade" and "Pour the lemonade in the Coke" illustrates an understanding of

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

Phonemes are the smallest units of in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of in a language.