Question 1

A mental "rule of thumb" for problem solving is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  a heuristic. 
C)  a mental set. 
D)  a syllogism. 
A)  an algorithm. 
B)  a heuristic. 
C)  a mental set. 
D)  a syllogism.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although telegraphic speech is not unique to the English language, it is not a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
B)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is unique to the English language. 
C)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
D)  Telegraphic speech is more prevalent in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures. 
A)  Although telegraphic speech is not unique to the English language, it is not a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
B)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is unique to the English language. 
C)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
D)  Telegraphic speech is more prevalent in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures.

Question 3

Dr. Grath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development. Dr. Grath's views are most consistent with those of

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral theories. 
B)  nativist theories. 
C)  Whorfian theories. 
D)  interactionist theories. 
A)  behavioral theories. 
B)  nativist theories. 
C)  Whorfian theories. 
D)  interactionist theories.

Question 4

According to Pinker and Bloom (1992), if the acquisition of language was a trait variation that produced just 1% more offspring, it would increase in prevalence from 0.1% to 99.9% in

Accepted Answer

A)  3 generations. 
B)  30 generations. 
C)  4000 generations. 
D)  40,000 generations. 
A)  3 generations. 
B)  30 generations. 
C)  4000 generations. 
D)  40,000 generations.

Question 5

The area of psychology that refers broadly to mental processes or thinking is

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  mentalism. 
D)  intelligence. 
A)  introspection. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  mentalism. 
D)  intelligence.

Question 6

At dinner three-year-old Bobby overhears his father tell the waitress that his tasty hamburger was delicious. The next day Bobby tells his mother that the grilled-cheese sandwich she made him for lunch was delicious. Apparently, Bobby learned the word delicious through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  fast mapping. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  underextension. 
D)  telegraphic speech. 
A)  fast mapping. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  underextension. 
D)  telegraphic speech.

Question 7

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of

Accepted Answer

A)  arrangement. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  inducing structure. 
D)  cognition. 
A)  arrangement. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  inducing structure. 
D)  cognition.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  I eated a cookie 
B)  Cookie 
C)  I wanted a cookie 
D)  Give cookie 
A)  I eated a cookie 
B)  Cookie 
C)  I wanted a cookie 
D)  Give cookie

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  some language-like skills have been taught to a number of species 
B)  questions remain concerning whether the language-like behavior of animals demonstrate all the critical properties of language 
C)  animals have never shown behavior that suggests an understanding of grammatical rules 
D)  the ability to use language - in a very basic, primitive way - may not be entirely unique to humans 
A)  some language-like skills have been taught to a number of species 
B)  questions remain concerning whether the language-like behavior of animals demonstrate all the critical properties of language 
C)  animals have never shown behavior that suggests an understanding of grammatical rules 
D)  the ability to use language - in a very basic, primitive way - may not be entirely unique to humans

Question 10

The behavioral theorists emphasize the role of ____ in language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

A)  built-in brain mechanisms 
B)  imitation and selective reinforcement 
C)  the social context 
D)  cognitive maturity 
A)  built-in brain mechanisms 
B)  imitation and selective reinforcement 
C)  the social context 
D)  cognitive maturity

Question 11

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  insight. 
B)  problem solving. 
C)  decision making. 
D)  bounded rationality. 
A)  insight. 
B)  problem solving. 
C)  decision making. 
D)  bounded rationality.

Question 12

The hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought is the

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
B)  interactionist hypothesis. 
C)  nativist hypothesis. 
D)  metalinguistic awareness hypothesis. 
A)  linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
B)  interactionist hypothesis. 
C)  nativist hypothesis. 
D)  metalinguistic awareness hypothesis.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes. 
B)  A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation. 
C)  All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable. 
D)  Phonemes are combined into morphemes. 
A)  Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes. 
B)  A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation. 
C)  All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable. 
D)  Phonemes are combined into morphemes.

Question 14

People often assume that it is necessary to use all the numerical information provided in a problem in order to solve the problem. In reality, numerical information sometimes makes it more difficult to solve a problem because the information

Accepted Answer

A)  results in a mental set. 
B)  puts unnecessary constraints on the problem-solver. 
C)  may be irrelevant. 
D)  encourages functional fixedness. 
A)  results in a mental set. 
B)  puts unnecessary constraints on the problem-solver. 
C)  may be irrelevant. 
D)  encourages functional fixedness.

Question 15

If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants produce more morphemes than adults do. 
B)  adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are. 
C)  infants produce more phonemes than adults do. 
D)  adults and infants both use the same number of phonemes. 
A)  infants produce more morphemes than adults do. 
B)  adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are. 
C)  infants produce more phonemes than adults do. 
D)  adults and infants both use the same number of phonemes.

Question 16

Rylee's algebra teacher is amazed at the creativity Rylee shows in solving homework problems. He seldom uses the same method on two consecutive problems, even when the problems are very similar in content and structure. Although Rylee makes lots of mistakes in algebra, he is unlikely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization in his problem solving. 
B)  mental set in his problem solving. 
C)  functional fixedness in his problem solving. 
D)  noncompensatory problem solving. 
A)  overregularization in his problem solving. 
B)  mental set in his problem solving. 
C)  functional fixedness in his problem solving. 
D)  noncompensatory problem solving.

Question 17

In language development, babbling refers to producing

Accepted Answer

A)  different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort. 
B)  a wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations. 
C)  sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth. 
D)  random combinations of words. 
A)  different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort. 
B)  a wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations. 
C)  sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth. 
D)  random combinations of words.

Question 18

Last Halloween, 4-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins." This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them. In this instance, Jillian has made a gain in her use of

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  linguistic heuristics. 
D)  phonemes. 
A)  syntax. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  linguistic heuristics. 
D)  phonemes.

Question 19

Brandon works for a courier service. In creating his route each day he starts by selecting the address closest to the dispatch office. Once he makes that delivery he checks the remaining addresses and picks the one closest to his current location. He follows this process for all his remaining deliveries for the day. Brandon's strategy for building his daily delivery route is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward. 
B)  availability. 
C)  hill climbing. 
D)  trial-and-error. 
A)  working backward. 
B)  availability. 
C)  hill climbing. 
D)  trial-and-error.

Question 20

Recent research on the relationship between language and thought has shown

Accepted Answer

A)  support for the language acquisition device. 
B)  not shown support for the language acquisition device. 
C)  support the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
D)  not shown support for the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
A)  support for the language acquisition device. 
B)  not shown support for the language acquisition device. 
C)  support the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
D)  not shown support for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Exam 15: Language and Thought Part 1

A mental "rule of thumb" for problem solving is referred to as

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Dr. Grath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development. Dr. Grath's views are most consistent with those of

According to Pinker and Bloom (1992), if the acquisition of language was a trait variation that produced just 1% more offspring, it would increase in prevalence from 0.1% to 99.9% in

The area of psychology that refers broadly to mental processes or thinking is

At dinner three-year-old Bobby overhears his father tell the waitress that his tasty hamburger was delicious. The next day Bobby tells his mother that the grilled-cheese sandwich she made him for lunch was delicious. Apparently, Bobby learned the word delicious through the process of

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of

Which of the following statements is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

The behavioral theorists emphasize the role of ____ in language acquisition.

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

The hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought is the

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

People often assume that it is necessary to use all the numerical information provided in a problem in order to solve the problem. In reality, numerical information sometimes makes it more difficult to solve a problem because the information

If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect to find that

Rylee's algebra teacher is amazed at the creativity Rylee shows in solving homework problems. He seldom uses the same method on two consecutive problems, even when the problems are very similar in content and structure. Although Rylee makes lots of mistakes in algebra, he is unlikely to experience

In language development, babbling refers to producing

Last Halloween, 4-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins." This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them. In this instance, Jillian has made a gain in her use of

Recent research on the relationship between language and thought has shown

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

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The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

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Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 2

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Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

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Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

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