Exam 5: The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

In one study supporting social identity theory, participants were first told randomly that, on the basis of their aesthetic judgments, they were part of either a "figure orientation" or a "ground orientation" group. Some of the participants were then told that members of their same group were high in a trait called "surgency." What were the results of this study?

Appraisals refer to _____, while reflected appraisals refer to _____.

Mason is not the kind of person who reflects much on his own beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Recently, his friends and family have made it clear to him that he has a drug abuse problem. He has decided to enter counseling and attend Narcotics Anonymous meetings. What does research suggest will likely happen?

The idea of ego depletion suggests that cognitive control is like a "muscle" that can become tired but can also be strengthened. Do you believe that this perspective is valid? Discuss research that both supports the idea that ego strength is a limited resource, and also that seems to contradict this idea.

What is the basic idea behind social identity theory? Describe a study derived from this theory. What were the results of the study?

Numani's father always wanted him to succeed in business. One day Numani is debating whether or not he should go to his management class or play ping pong with his friends. Sitting on the couch flipping through his cell phone to call a friend, he scrolls past his father's name in the contact list without noticing it. What does research suggest Numani is likely to do?

What is the two-factor theory of emotion?

Ironic processing refers to:

In order to concentrate on his exam, Absalom actively tries to push all thoughts of the date he went on last night out of his mind. What does research suggest will happen?

What is one of the foundational insights of social comparison theory?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is:

Which of the following study results on the effects of gender is accurate?

Layla plays in a local rock band that gets gigs at small venues, bars, and restaurants. One night the band has a meeting during which they all can give each other feedback on how they perform at their specific instruments. What does research suggest will be Layla's experience of this meeting?

When are we NOT likely to rely on self-perception processes?

More concrete descriptions of an action tend to focus on _____, while more abstract descriptions of an action tend to focus on _____.

Comparing oneself with those who are better off is making a(n) _____ comparison; comparing oneself with those who are worse off is making a(n) _____ comparison.

The _____ refers to our conscience, or beliefs about what we are obligated to do, while the _____ refers to our beliefs about what we would like to accomplish and become.

When are people likely to rely on self-perception to understand their attitudes?

Francois (a scientist) is participating in a discussion about science with several Catholic male monks. How does research suggest Francois will think of himself in this situation?

According to expectancy-value theory, what determines the amount of effort a person is likely to expend on a goal?