Question 1

Research suggests that forming implementation intentions:

Accepted Answer

A)  generally has an enhancing effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
B)  generally has a negative effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
C)  generally has no effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
D)  is only related to goal-achievement in the long term, rather than the short term. 
A)  generally has an enhancing effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
B)  generally has a negative effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
C)  generally has no effect on people's ability to achieve their goals. 
D)  is only related to goal-achievement in the long term, rather than the short term.

Question 2

What is social comparison theory? What are downward and upward comparisons? When are we most likely to compare ourselves to others, according to this perspective?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory suggests that p

Question 3

What is the central idea behind self-perception theory? What are some examples of the role that self-perception processes play in emotion?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that peo

Question 4

What is the two-factor theory of emotion? Describe the design of the classic study that first tested this theory. How did this study demonstrate misattribution of arousal?

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion propose

Question 5

The looking glass notion of the self suggests that people understand themselves first by considering _____ and then incorporating those into the self-concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  others' appraisals of the self 
B)  self-schemas 
C)  central self-goals 
D)  social identities 
A)  others' appraisals of the self 
B)  self-schemas 
C)  central self-goals 
D)  social identities

Question 6

What is the essence of the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression? According to this theory, what can be done to break the cycle of depression? Give a hypothetical example.

Accepted Answer

The self-regulatory perseveration theory

Question 7

What is a self-schema, and what is a working self-concept? What kinds of factors trigger different working self-concepts? Provide examples.

Accepted Answer

A self-schema is an integrated set of me

Question 8

Which of the following reasons is NOT one of the significant reasons why there are gender differences in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Being told that a behavior is appropriate for one's gender makes a child more likely to engage in that behavior. 
B)  Children model the behavior of same-sex adults to a higher degree. 
C)  Nearly all behaviors have biologically rooted gender differences. 
D)  People learn from their culture what behaviors are appropriate for their gender. 
A)  Being told that a behavior is appropriate for one's gender makes a child more likely to engage in that behavior. 
B)  Children model the behavior of same-sex adults to a higher degree. 
C)  Nearly all behaviors have biologically rooted gender differences. 
D)  People learn from their culture what behaviors are appropriate for their gender.

Question 9

When people are primed with everyday pieces of information, that information _____; while when people are primed with a goal, that goal _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  induces self-awareness; induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy 
B)  induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy; induces self-awareness 
C)  induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved; fades from memory at a constant rate 
D)  fades from memory at a constant rate; induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved 
A)  induces self-awareness; induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy 
B)  induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy; induces self-awareness 
C)  induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved; fades from memory at a constant rate 
D)  fades from memory at a constant rate; induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved

Question 10

What is the best way for an individual to break the spiral of depression when they are experiencing negative self-regulatory perseveration?

Accepted Answer

A)  by practicing the self-regulatory ability to increase the commitment to a difficult goal 
B)  by increasing one's level of self-awareness 
C)  by focusing on the more abstract goal that an unattainable goal was in the service of attaining 
D)  by focusing on the series of concrete goals leading up to an unattainable goal 
A)  by practicing the self-regulatory ability to increase the commitment to a difficult goal 
B)  by increasing one's level of self-awareness 
C)  by focusing on the more abstract goal that an unattainable goal was in the service of attaining 
D)  by focusing on the series of concrete goals leading up to an unattainable goal

Question 11

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  to have positive outcomes compared to those who frequently experience guilt. 
B)  to seek ways to increase their level of self-awareness. 
C)  to be angry or depressed. 
D)  to try and make amends to the people whom they have offended. 
A)  to have positive outcomes compared to those who frequently experience guilt. 
B)  to seek ways to increase their level of self-awareness. 
C)  to be angry or depressed. 
D)  to try and make amends to the people whom they have offended.

Question 12

When it comes to the self-concept, what does the phenomenon of solo status imply?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are capable of planting thoughts in the minds of others. 
B)  People dislike being alone and strive at all times to be in the presence of others. 
C)  People tend to define themselves more in terms of attributes which distinguish them from the majority of others in a situation. 
D)  People are generally prejudiced against individuals who are self-sufficient or standoffish. 
A)  People are capable of planting thoughts in the minds of others. 
B)  People dislike being alone and strive at all times to be in the presence of others. 
C)  People tend to define themselves more in terms of attributes which distinguish them from the majority of others in a situation. 
D)  People are generally prejudiced against individuals who are self-sufficient or standoffish.

Question 13

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  all goals are active on a conscious level 
B)  people are often motivated by unconscious goals 
C)  unconscious goals are extremely rare 
D)  conscious goals are extremely rare 
A)  all goals are active on a conscious level 
B)  people are often motivated by unconscious goals 
C)  unconscious goals are extremely rare 
D)  conscious goals are extremely rare

Question 14

Jama is talking with her coworker. She has a crick in her neck, and so is moving her head up and down vigorously and repeatedly to reduce the discomfort. Jama's coworker is presenting her with an idea that he thinks they should bring up at the next board meeting. What does research suggest Jama's response will be?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impossible to determine Jama's response based on this information. 
B)  Jama will likely approve of the coworker's idea. 
C)  Jama will likely reject the coworker's idea. 
D)  Jama will only approve of the coworker's idea if she was already in a good mood 
A)  It is impossible to determine Jama's response based on this information. 
B)  Jama will likely approve of the coworker's idea. 
C)  Jama will likely reject the coworker's idea. 
D)  Jama will only approve of the coworker's idea if she was already in a good mood

Question 15

The perspective that people use their understanding of how significant people in their lives view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-schema perspective 
B)  social identity theory 
C)  social role theory 
D)  symbolic interactionism 
A)  the self-schema perspective 
B)  social identity theory 
C)  social role theory 
D)  symbolic interactionism

Question 16

Juwon observes that, in her society, women tend to perform maternal and familial tasks, whereas men tend to perform independent tasks requiring intelligence. According to social role theory, what is Juwon likely to conclude on the basis of her observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no biological difference between men and women; rather, their roles are socially constructed. 
B)  Juwon is free to choose whichever social role she would like to perform, whether more masculine or more feminine. 
C)  Women perform more maternal and familial tasks because they are intrinsically better at such tasks. 
D)  Juwon should perform tasks that require independence and intelligence, because there are not enough women performing these social roles 
A)  There is no biological difference between men and women; rather, their roles are socially constructed. 
B)  Juwon is free to choose whichever social role she would like to perform, whether more masculine or more feminine. 
C)  Women perform more maternal and familial tasks because they are intrinsically better at such tasks. 
D)  Juwon should perform tasks that require independence and intelligence, because there are not enough women performing these social roles

Question 17

The aspect of a person's self-schema that is most active in a particular situation is referred to as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflected appraisal 
B)  looking glass self 
C)  working self-concept 
D)  self-concept 
A)  reflected appraisal 
B)  looking glass self 
C)  working self-concept 
D)  self-concept

Question 18

Briefly describe a self-awareness theory perspective on alcoholism. What are some of the relevant research findings?

Accepted Answer

In one study, participants first complet

Question 19

The concept of _____ suggests that cognitive control is like a muscle that can be built up or atrophy.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective forecasting 
B)  ego depletion 
C)  ironic processing 
D)  self-regulation 
A)  affective forecasting 
B)  ego depletion 
C)  ironic processing 
D)  self-regulation

Question 20

Which of the following factors will NOT override the cool system and activate the hot system?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol and other drugs 
B)  temptations in the environment 
C)  high levels of cognitive load 
D)  conceptualizing a goal in terms of concrete steps 
A)  alcohol and other drugs 
B)  temptations in the environment 
C)  high levels of cognitive load 
D)  conceptualizing a goal in terms of concrete steps

Research suggests that forming implementation intentions:

What is social comparison theory? What are downward and upward comparisons? When are we most likely to compare ourselves to others, according to this perspective?

What is the central idea behind self-perception theory? What are some examples of the role that self-perception processes play in emotion?

What is the two-factor theory of emotion? Describe the design of the classic study that first tested this theory. How did this study demonstrate misattribution of arousal?

The looking glass notion of the self suggests that people understand themselves first by considering _____ and then incorporating those into the self-concept.

What is the essence of the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression? According to this theory, what can be done to break the cycle of depression? Give a hypothetical example.

What is a self-schema, and what is a working self-concept? What kinds of factors trigger different working self-concepts? Provide examples.

Which of the following reasons is NOT one of the significant reasons why there are gender differences in behavior?

When people are primed with everyday pieces of information, that information _; while when people are primed with a goal, that goal _.

What is the best way for an individual to break the spiral of depression when they are experiencing negative self-regulatory perseveration?

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely:

When it comes to the self-concept, what does the phenomenon of solo status imply?

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

The perspective that people use their understanding of how significant people in their lives view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as _____.

Juwon observes that, in her society, women tend to perform maternal and familial tasks, whereas men tend to perform independent tasks requiring intelligence. According to social role theory, what is Juwon likely to conclude on the basis of her observations?

The aspect of a person's self-schema that is most active in a particular situation is referred to as the _____.

Briefly describe a self-awareness theory perspective on alcoholism. What are some of the relevant research findings?

The concept of _____ suggests that cognitive control is like a muscle that can be built up or atrophy.

Which of the following factors will NOT override the cool system and activate the hot system?

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 5: The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Research suggests that forming implementation intentions:

What is social comparison theory? What are downward and upward comparisons? When are we most likely to compare ourselves to others, according to this perspective?

What is the central idea behind self-perception theory? What are some examples of the role that self-perception processes play in emotion?

What is the two-factor theory of emotion? Describe the design of the classic study that first tested this theory. How did this study demonstrate misattribution of arousal?

The looking glass notion of the self suggests that people understand themselves first by considering _____ and then incorporating those into the self-concept.

What is the essence of the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression? According to this theory, what can be done to break the cycle of depression? Give a hypothetical example.

What is a self-schema, and what is a working self-concept? What kinds of factors trigger different working self-concepts? Provide examples.

Which of the following reasons is NOT one of the significant reasons why there are gender differences in behavior?

When people are primed with everyday pieces of information, that information _____; while when people are primed with a goal, that goal _____.

What is the best way for an individual to break the spiral of depression when they are experiencing negative self-regulatory perseveration?

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely:

When it comes to the self-concept, what does the phenomenon of solo status imply?

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

The perspective that people use their understanding of how significant people in their lives view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as _____.

Juwon observes that, in her society, women tend to perform maternal and familial tasks, whereas men tend to perform independent tasks requiring intelligence. According to social role theory, what is Juwon likely to conclude on the basis of her observations?

The aspect of a person's self-schema that is most active in a particular situation is referred to as the _____.

Briefly describe a self-awareness theory perspective on alcoholism. What are some of the relevant research findings?

The concept of _____ suggests that cognitive control is like a muscle that can be built up or atrophy.

Which of the following factors will NOT override the cool system and activate the hot system?

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

When people are primed with everyday pieces of information, that information _; while when people are primed with a goal, that goal _.