Exam 5: Learning

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

If you came home to your apartment in the very early hours of the morning and did not wish to wake your roommate by turning on the lights, you would likely rely upon __________ to aid you in avoiding obstacles in the apartment that might cause injury or noise.

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. When the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

After having first conditioned an animal to salivate to a tone, Pavlov found that without pairing with the food, salivation to the tone became weaker and weaker and then finally disappeared. This process is known as __________

What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called __________

This is a program that reinforces socially desirable behavior by administering "prizes" than can be later exchanged for desired items or privileges.

A(n) _________ is anything that strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows.

If a student studies very hard in order to avoid getting bad grades, this is an example of which behavioral principle?

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of __________

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the results of Watson and Jones' experimental attempts to remove Peter's fear of rabbits?

________ formulated the "law of effect."

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Thorndike was known for his work with ______.

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

If a student studies very hard in order to get good grades, the good grade is an example of __________

Shannon is in the 4th grade. When the 11:30 bell rings, Shannon and her classmates will get up from their seats and go to the lunchroom. For Shannon and her classmates, the bell is a __________

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________