Question 1

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual reinforcement 
B)  sporadic reinforcement 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  partial reinforcement 
A)  gradual reinforcement 
B)  sporadic reinforcement 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  partial reinforcement

Question 2

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 3

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as __________

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned response. 
B)  a voluntary response. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  a digestive reflux. 
A)  an unconditioned response. 
B)  a voluntary response. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  a digestive reflux.

Question 4

Billy taught two rats how to play basketball for his experimental psychology class. What process did he likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  shaping 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  punishment 
A)  operant conditioning 
B)  shaping 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  punishment

Question 5

People who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may become passively resigned to those outcomes. This is called __________

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  learned helplessness. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  learned helplessness. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors that influence operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the magnitude of reinforcement 
B)  the immediacy of reinforcement 
C)  the quality of the reinforcement 
D)  the level of motivation of the learner 
A)  the magnitude of reinforcement 
B)  the immediacy of reinforcement 
C)  the quality of the reinforcement 
D)  the level of motivation of the learner

Question 7

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 8

Jamaal always wears a blue jacket when he takes his dog for a walk. Over time, Jamaal notices that when he wears other articles of clothing that are blue, his dog gets excited. This is an example of __________

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  discrimination. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  discrimination.

Question 9

According to B. F. Skinner, negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 11

After classically conditioning little Albert's fear, Watson later counterconditioned his fears.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Little Zack will be more likely to keep his school desk clean if his teacher praises his efforts rather than criticizes his lack of thoroughness. This illustrates the principle behind __________

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of effect. 
B)  trial-and-error learning. 
C)  the law of successive approximations. 
D)  the learning curve. 
A)  the law of effect. 
B)  trial-and-error learning. 
C)  the law of successive approximations. 
D)  the learning curve.

Question 13

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half?hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  contingency blocking. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  response generalization. 
A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  contingency blocking. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  response generalization.

Question 14

Give an example of a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus is a previously n

Question 15

Give an example of an unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned response is an automati

Question 16

The "aha!" experience is known as __________

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  thoughtful learning. 
D)  serial enumeration. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  thoughtful learning. 
D)  serial enumeration.

Question 17

Any consequence that, if applied after a response, increases the probably of that response is __________

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  a neutral stimulus. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  a neutral stimulus.

Question 18

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep 
B)  conditioning delinquents to be less aggressive 
C)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
D)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure 
A)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep 
B)  conditioning delinquents to be less aggressive 
C)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
D)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure

Question 19

After many years of hosting the Today Show on TV, Bryant left to host the Early Show on another network. His first day at the Early Show Bryant welcomed his viewers to the Today Show. This might be an example of __________

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  successive approximations. 
A)  discrimination. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  successive approximations.

Question 20

What was the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  bright lights 
B)  food powder 
C)  bells or buzzers 
D)  salivation 
A)  bright lights 
B)  food powder 
C)  bells or buzzers 
D)  salivation

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as __________

Billy taught two rats how to play basketball for his experimental psychology class. What process did he likely use?

People who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may become passively resigned to those outcomes. This is called __________

Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors that influence operant conditioning?

Jamaal always wears a blue jacket when he takes his dog for a walk. Over time, Jamaal notices that when he wears other articles of clothing that are blue, his dog gets excited. This is an example of __________

According to B. F. Skinner, negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

After classically conditioning little Albert's fear, Watson later counterconditioned his fears.

Little Zack will be more likely to keep his school desk clean if his teacher praises his efforts rather than criticizes his lack of thoroughness. This illustrates the principle behind __________

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half?hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________

Give an example of a conditioned stimulus.

Give an example of an unconditioned response.

The "aha!" experience is known as __________

Any consequence that, if applied after a response, increases the probably of that response is __________

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

After many years of hosting the Today Show on TV, Bryant left to host the Early Show on another network. His first day at the Early Show Bryant welcomed his viewers to the Today Show. This might be an example of __________

What was the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

Introduction to Psychology

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Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

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Exam 5: Learning

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as __________

Billy taught two rats how to play basketball for his experimental psychology class. What process did he likely use?

People who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may become passively resigned to those outcomes. This is called __________

Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors that influence operant conditioning?

Jamaal always wears a blue jacket when he takes his dog for a walk. Over time, Jamaal notices that when he wears other articles of clothing that are blue, his dog gets excited. This is an example of __________

According to B. F. Skinner, negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________

After classically conditioning little Albert's fear, Watson later counterconditioned his fears.

Little Zack will be more likely to keep his school desk clean if his teacher praises his efforts rather than criticizes his lack of thoroughness. This illustrates the principle behind __________

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half?hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________

Give an example of a conditioned stimulus.

Give an example of an unconditioned response.

The "aha!" experience is known as __________

Any consequence that, if applied after a response, increases the probably of that response is __________

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

After many years of hosting the Today Show on TV, Bryant left to host the Early Show on another network. His first day at the Early Show Bryant welcomed his viewers to the Today Show. This might be an example of __________

What was the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Child Development

Adolescence and Adulthood

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality and Gender

Health and Stress

Personality Theory and Assessment

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Filters