Exam 5: Learning

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

Video games can currently be used to __________

According to Rescorla's theory, the CS must __________ the US or conditioning does not occur.

After extinguishing the salivating response in his dog, Pavlov allowed the dog to rest and then brought it back to the laboratory. At this point, Pavlov found that the dog would again salivate, although the response was weaker and shorter than before. Pavlov called this recurrence __________

Because dogs do not need to be conditioned to salivate to food, salivation to food is a(n) __________

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell. You sound the bell and then several minutes later you give the dog a biscuit. You do this several times but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because __________

In a classic experiment, Tolman exposed a group of rats to a maze for 11 days before he introduced a food reward. The rats outperformed rats that had been given daily food rewards. This demonstrates __________

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is __________

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of __________ to accomplish this.

Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment?

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not __________ had occurred.

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the __________ in his study.

Give an example of an unconditioned stimulus.

In which type of conditioning is an association formed between one stimulus and another?

Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?

Continuous reinforcement results in a greater resistance to extinction than does partial reinforcement.

Distinguish between the concepts of positive punishment and negative punishment.

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating __________

Discuss the concept of observational learning as it applies to children and violent media, such as television, newspapers, movies, the internet and video games. Make sure to cite relevant findings covered in the textbook.