Question 1

Jackie is always buying several packs of baseball cards, but only a fraction of those packs actually add new cards to her collection. She is likely on a __________

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio. 
B)  variable-ratio. 
C)  fixed-interval. 
D)  variable-interval. 
A)  fixed-ratio. 
B)  variable-ratio. 
C)  fixed-interval. 
D)  variable-interval.

Question 2

A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and, thus, increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a __________

Accepted Answer

A)  trial box. 
B)  response box. 
C)  Watson box. 
D)  Skinner box. 
A)  trial box. 
B)  response box. 
C)  Watson box. 
D)  Skinner box.

Question 3

__________ is the opposite of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial reinforcement 
B)  Continuous reinforcement 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Punishment 
A)  Partial reinforcement 
B)  Continuous reinforcement 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Punishment

Question 4

Denny is quite fearful of going to the dentist. Over time he has noticed that he becomes anxious at even the smell of the dentist's office. Every step Denny takes right up until the dentist starts to drill a tooth seems to cause muscle tension and anxiety. Denny is experiencing __________

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  graduated conditioning. 
D)  higher-order conditioning. 
A)  reflexive conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  graduated conditioning. 
D)  higher-order conditioning.

Question 5

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our textbook, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because negative punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a __________

Accepted Answer

A)  stop sign. 
B)  the stimulus that acts as a US in classical conditioning. 
C)  the white rat in Watson's Little Albert study of producing phobias. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  stop sign. 
B)  the stimulus that acts as a US in classical conditioning. 
C)  the white rat in Watson's Little Albert study of producing phobias. 
D)  none of these.

Question 7

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  can of cat food 
B)  sound of the electric can opener 
C)  dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D)  cat scurrying into the kitchen 
A)  can of cat food 
B)  sound of the electric can opener 
C)  dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D)  cat scurrying into the kitchen

Question 8

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses __________

Accepted Answer

A)  will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
B)  will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
C)  will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
D)  will be totally resistant to extinction unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (reinforcer
For each and every correct response). 
A)  will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
B)  will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
C)  will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response). 
D)  will be totally resistant to extinction unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (reinforcer
For each and every correct response).

Question 9

Sammy took two aspirin to treat a pounding headache. This is an example of _________

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  extinction learning. 
C)  escape learning. 
D)  learned helplessness. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  extinction learning. 
C)  escape learning. 
D)  learned helplessness.

Question 10

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) __________

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  unconditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned response 
B)  unconditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 11

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to work as entertainers. This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Give an example of latent learning that you might see in your own life.

Accepted Answer

An example of latent learning in my own

Question 13

The abbreviation US stands for __________

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional statement. 
B)  uniform conditioned subject. 
C)  unconditional sensation. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus. 
A)  unconditional statement. 
B)  uniform conditioned subject. 
C)  unconditional sensation. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 14

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space 
A)  a rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space

Question 15

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift 
B)  innate learning 
C)  conditioned taste aversion 
D)  conditioned emotional response 
A)  instinctive drift 
B)  innate learning 
C)  conditioned taste aversion 
D)  conditioned emotional response

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment generally produces no short-term results. 
B)  Punishment does not extinguish an undesirable behavior, but rather it suppresses that behavior. 
C)  Punishment can lead to aggression. 
D)  Punishment indicates that a behavior is unacceptable but does not help a person develop an appropriate behavior. 
A)  Punishment generally produces no short-term results. 
B)  Punishment does not extinguish an undesirable behavior, but rather it suppresses that behavior. 
C)  Punishment can lead to aggression. 
D)  Punishment indicates that a behavior is unacceptable but does not help a person develop an appropriate behavior.

Question 17

Most behavior modification programs use __________

Accepted Answer

A)  the principles of classical conditioning. 
B)  the principles of observational learning. 
C)  the principles of operant conditioning. 
D)  token economies. 
A)  the principles of classical conditioning. 
B)  the principles of observational learning. 
C)  the principles of operant conditioning. 
D)  token economies.

Question 18

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________

Accepted Answer

A)  biofeedback. 
B)  contingency training. 
C)  cellular training. 
D)  social learning. 
A)  biofeedback. 
B)  contingency training. 
C)  cellular training. 
D)  social learning.

Question 19

Any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds is a __________

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence. 
B)  stimulus. 
C)  discriminated variable. 
D)  conditioned variable. 
A)  consequence. 
B)  stimulus. 
C)  discriminated variable. 
D)  conditioned variable.

Question 20

A reinforcer is a consequence that __________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that __________ a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  motivates; stimulates 
B)  weakens; strengthens 
C)  inhibits; motivates 
D)  strengthens; weakens 
A)  motivates; stimulates 
B)  weakens; strengthens 
C)  inhibits; motivates 
D)  strengthens; weakens

Jackie is always buying several packs of baseball cards, but only a fraction of those packs actually add new cards to her collection. She is likely on a __________

A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and, thus, increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a __________

__________ is the opposite of reinforcement.

Denny is quite fearful of going to the dentist. Over time he has noticed that he becomes anxious at even the smell of the dentist's office. Every step Denny takes right up until the dentist starts to drill a tooth seems to cause muscle tension and anxiety. Denny is experiencing __________

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a __________

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses __________

Sammy took two aspirin to treat a pounding headache. This is an example of _________

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) __________

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to work as entertainers. This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Give an example of latent learning that you might see in your own life.

The abbreviation US stands for __________

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the use of punishment?

Most behavior modification programs use __________

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________

Any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds is a __________

A reinforcer is a consequence that a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that a behavior.

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Sensation and Perception

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Exam 5: Learning

Jackie is always buying several packs of baseball cards, but only a fraction of those packs actually add new cards to her collection. She is likely on a __________

A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and, thus, increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a __________

__________ is the opposite of reinforcement.

Denny is quite fearful of going to the dentist. Over time he has noticed that he becomes anxious at even the smell of the dentist's office. Every step Denny takes right up until the dentist starts to drill a tooth seems to cause muscle tension and anxiety. Denny is experiencing __________

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a __________

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses __________

Sammy took two aspirin to treat a pounding headache. This is an example of _________

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) __________

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to work as entertainers. This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Give an example of latent learning that you might see in your own life.

The abbreviation US stands for __________

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the use of punishment?

Most behavior modification programs use __________

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________

Any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds is a __________

A reinforcer is a consequence that __________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that __________ a behavior.

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Child Development

Adolescence and Adulthood

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality and Gender

Health and Stress

Personality Theory and Assessment

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Filters

A reinforcer is a consequence that a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that a behavior.