Exam 7: Causal Research Design: Experimentation

________ is a determination of whether the cause-and-effect relationships found in the experiment can be generalized.Can the results be generalized beyond the experimental situation and if so,to what populations,settings,times,independent variables and dependent variables can the results be projected?

When more than one variable must be controlled,the researcher must use true experimental designs.

Independent variables are the variables that measure the effect of the dependent variables on the test units.

All of the types of experimental designs mentioned in the chapter on Causal Research Design (Latin Square,factorial,true experimental,and preexperimental designs for example)can be implemented on the Internet.

Field experiments have some advantages over laboratory experiments.The field experiment offers a high degree of control because it isolates the experiment in a carefully monitored environment.

Explain the differences among preexperimental,true experimental,quasi-experimental,and statistical designs.

Which statement is not true about why it is difficult to conduct field experiments in the international arena?

The effectiveness of a test commercial (X)may be examined by broadcasting the commercial a predetermined number of times and examining the data from a preexisting test panel.Although the marketer can control the scheduling of the test commercial,it is uncertain when or whether the panel members are exposed to it.The panel members' purchases before,during,and after the campaign are examined to determine whether the test commercial has a short-term effect,a long-term effect,or no effect.A ________ design was used in this research project.

To control for extraneous variables,a researcher may conduct an experiment in an artificial environment.This enhances external validity,but it may limit the generalizability of the results,thereby reducing internal validity.

The above design is an example of a multiple time series design.

Independent variables are variables or alternatives that are manipulated and whose effects are measured and compared.

In the New York coupon experiment mentioned in your text,the experiment was conducted to test the effects of the face value of coupons on the likelihood of coupon redemption.Subjects were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups.One group was offered 15-cent coupons and the other 50-cent coupons for four products.During the interviews,the respondents answered questions about which brands they used and how likely they were to cash coupons of the given face value the next time they shopped.In the preceding experiment,the test units were ________.

________ refers to an extraneous variable that occurs when test units with extreme scores move closer to the average score during the course of the experiment.

The statement 'An effect cannot be produced by an event that occurs after the effect has taken place,' refers to ________.

Extraneous variables are all variables other than the independent variables that affect the response of the test units.

Factorial design is a true experimental design that is used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

________ is the extent to which a cause,X,and an effect,Y,occur together or vary together in the way predicted by the hypothesis under consideration.

The scientific concept of causality is complex."Causality" means something very different to the average person on the street than to a scientist.If the ordinary meaning of a statement is "X is the only cause of Y," its related scientific meaning is: ________.

Which of the following statements is an advantage of statistical designs?

There is no problem developing experimental designs that have high levels of both internal and external validity.