Exam 5: Learning

What technique can be used when the behaviour desired from an organism is complex and not one that is likely to occur naturally?

Reinforcing children or students for activities they already enjoy often results in an increase in the preferred behaviour, even after the reinforcement is withdrawn.

Describe the basic classical conditioning model and use a personal example to show that you understand the following concepts: unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.

The important variable in determining whether a conditioned response will generalize to a stimulus other than the original conditioned stimulus depends mainly on the ________ of two stimuli.

Describe the processes that are comparable in classical and operant conditioning.

Which schedule of reinforcement yields the lowest response rate?

How does punishment compare and contrast with negative reinforcement?

Many contemporary researchers claim that biological predispositions, or the degree to which ________ prepare(s) animals and humans to acquire or resist acquiring classically conditioned responses, are an important factor in the conditioning process.

According to the partial-reinforcement effect, responses are less likely to be extinguished if

Tom is in love with Peggy. He now thinks of her when he passes a place where they took a walk, when he hears a song that they listened to together, or when he notices an advertisement for a movie at the cinema they visited. Each of these responses is an example of

Some alcoholics are given a drug called Antabuse, which reacts with alcohol to cause nausea and vomiting. The use of Antabuse to treat alcoholism is an application of

Classical conditioning is least likely to occur if the conditioned stimulus

Observational learning can be used for all of the following, except

According to Pavlov, when classically conditioning a response, it is best to present the conditioned stimulus

Which behavioural changes are considered to be learned?

What is learned helplessness?

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $2 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the ________ schedule; Jamie is paid according to the ________ schedule.

The termination of pain that occurs when a rat escapes or avoids electric shock by bar-pressing is a

The schedule of reinforcement that requires subjects to make a certain number of correct responses to receive a reward is called a

What is generalization?