Exam 5: Learning

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The conditioned stimulus in this situation is

How is shaping used to condition a response?

In Overmeier and Seligman's experiment on learned helplessness, the dogs in the control group

Carrie fed her cat canned tuna that was opened with an electric can opener. Even when she was merely opening a can of corn, her cat responded physically as if it were about to be fed. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the

Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which researcher is associated with the subject of observational learning?

Which schedule tends to produce a pattern in which responding is initially low following a reward, but then gradually increases as the time for the next reward approaches?

What are the stimuli that can serve as reinforcers without learning because they fulfill basic biological needs?

One problem with token economies is that

Negative reinforcement involves learning a behaviour because something negative follows the behaviour.

For years, Sylvester the cat has been fed canned tuna that has been opened with an electric can opener. Now Sylvester races into the kitchen every time he hears the can opener. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Give one example of classical conditioning, one of operant conditioning, and one of observational learning in an infant (birth to two years). Be certain to point out how your examples illustrate the three kinds of learning.

Learning to perform behaviours that produce positive outcomes and to avoid behaviours that yield negative outcomes is a basic characteristic of

Agricultural workers who are paid according to the number of bushels of corn picked are on which reinforcement schedule?

Describe how you could use a token economy to change one of your own behaviours.

How does the Little Albert study help our understanding of the origins of fear?

Procrastinators can help themselves by

Operant conditioning is to ________ subjects as classical conditioning is to ________ subjects.

When Betty has had a difficult day, she becomes very grumpy and is often critical of her husband Bill. Bill will often begin doing household projects like yard work during these times. Bill has exhibited

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?