Exam 5: Learning

What are parents doing wrong when their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging?

After repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, a trainer presents the conditioned stimulus alone, and the subject responds with

Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned reflex?

If you perform an action and its consequence is positive reinforcement, your tendency to perform the same action again

Which of the following is not an effect of media violence?

Carrie fed her cat canned tuna that was opened with an electric can opener. Even when she was merely opening a can of corn, her cat responded physically as if it were about to be fed. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the

The systematic use of learning principles to change behaviour is called

A limitation of punishment is that it

Allison is a fashion model, so cameras and flashbulbs are a part of her life. She responds to the click of a camera with a slight contraction of her pupils, even when a flashbulb is not being used. This contraction of her pupils is an example of

In the psychology of learning, any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds is called

When Matthew wrote a "B" that looked more like a "D," his teacher, Mrs. Chen, still praised him because it was better than his previous attempts. Mrs. Chen used a procedure called

Define shaping and explain how parents use shaping techniques in rearing children.

In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. In this case, salivating to the meat powder is an example of

John Watson conditioned little Albert to exhibit fear of a white rat and then extinguished this fear.

The processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery occur in both classical and operant conditioning.

Carl has just had a bad experience in a restaurant. He found a piece of dirty cloth in his soup and now whenever he drives past what used to be his favourite restaurant he feels ill. Describe what has caused his experience using the terms of classical conditioning.

What are the steps of a classical conditioning session?

For better performance, reinforcement should be

What is the term for a soundproof operant-conditioning chamber with a device for delivering food and either a bar for rats to press or a disk for pigeons to peck?

Jane misbehaves around her parents, who do not discipline her, but does not misbehave in the presence of her grandparents, who reward her only when she behaves appropriately. The difference in her behaviour can best be explained on the basis of