Exam 5: Learning

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Michael's teacher used to say "good" when Michael managed to pronounce words correctly. Then she said "good" only when Michael correctly read an entire sentence. Now she withholds encouraging comments until he has read several sentences accurately. What technique is Michael's teacher using in teaching him to read?

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Which of the following statements about the token economy is not true?

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Which of the following is not a limitation of punishment?

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The tendency of stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus to evoke the conditioned response is called

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According to operant conditioning, behaviours change because of the

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In operant conditioning, to shape someone's behaviour means you

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Hayley has been afraid of snakes for as long as she can remember, and her mother has the same paralyzing fear. Hayley most likely acquired her fear through

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A stimulus that signals whether a certain response or behaviour is likely to be followed by reward or punishment is called a

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In operant conditioning, the consequences of behaviour are manipulated to increase or decrease the frequency of a response or to shape an entirely new response.

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How is shaping used to condition a response?

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In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. After many pairings of the tone and meat powder, they would salivate when the tone was presented alone. In this case, the meat powder is an example of

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Observational learning or modelling is a behaviour that is unique to humans.

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In order to extinguish a classically conditioned response, you must repeatedly present the ________ without the ________.

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Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, the balloon is the

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Ideally, punishment should be the minimum necessary to suppress the problem behaviour.

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Which of the following statements is true of the partial-reinforcement effect?

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Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

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Which of the following is not an example of an unconditioned reflex?

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Which of the following involves negative reinforcement?

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