Exam 5: Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Statuses are distinguished by the manner in which we acquire them.A(n)______________status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life,based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control,such as race/ethnicity,age,and gender.

In a series of______________,sociologist Harold Garfinkel assigned different activities to his students to see how breaking the unspoken rules of behavior created confusion.

In relation to stability and change in societies,describe sociologist Emile Durkheim's mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity approach.

According to the text,______________occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear.For example,it is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends.

Describe groups and differentiate between primary and secondary groups as components of social structure.

According to the dramaturgical approach proposed by Goffman,______________refers to the area where a player is not required to perform a specific role because it is out of view of a given audience.

According to the dramaturgical approach proposed by Goffman,______________refers to the area where a player performs a specific role before an audience.

The term "status" refers to those persons with high­level positions in society.

______________ are relatively egalitarian.Since it is impossible to accumulate a surplus of food,there are few resources upon which individuals or groups can build a power base.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

A college professor engages in preparatory work in her office alone.This illustrates what sociologist Erving Goffman called______________behavior.

______________ is/are the process(es)by which people act toward or respond to other people,and also is/are the foundation(s)for all relationships and groups in society.

According to sociologist Everett Hughes,a(n)______________status is the most important status a person occupies;it dominates all of the individual's other statuses and is the overriding ingredient in determining a person's general social position.

Define role,role expectations,role performance,role conflict,role strain,and role distancing.

A local school is destroyed by a tornado and community residents come together to build a makeshift school.This example illustrates the concept of:

A(n)______________group is a small,less specialized group in which members engage in face-to- face,emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time.

Sociologist Erving Goffman suggested that deference is how we behave or conduct ourselves and that it is relative to social power.People in positions of dominance are allowed a wider range of permissible actions than are their subordinates.

A convicted criminal,wearing a prison uniform,is an example of a person who has been ;the uniform says that the person has done something wrong and should not be allowed unsupervised outside the prison walls.

Explain what is meant by the sociology of emotions and describe sociologist Arlie Hochschild's contribution to this area of study.

The Gesellschaft refers to: