Question 1

Explain the changes in the structural or protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees.

Accepted Answer

About 70% of the protein-coding genes found in humans and chimpanzees differ. Most of these differences are caused by insertions or deletions of transposable elements. Many of these differences may be due to mutation or drift, but some of these differences are the result of natural selection and positive selection in either of the lineages. Very few of the substitutions are nonsynonymous or affect the function of the protein.

Question 2

By searching DNA sequences for ________ that are common in a population, geneticists can find sequences that have been subject to recent selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  long haplotypes 
B)  instances of founder effect 
C)  candidate genes 
D)  balanced polymorphisms 
A)  long haplotypes 
B)  instances of founder effect 
C)  candidate genes 
D)  balanced polymorphisms A

Question 3

Which of the following describes sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a lack of protein. 
B)  It is caused by a lack of iron. 
C)  It causes unusually shaped red blood cells. 
D)  It causes unusually shaped blood vessels. 
A)  It is caused by a lack of protein. 
B)  It is caused by a lack of iron. 
C)  It causes unusually shaped red blood cells. 
D)  It causes unusually shaped blood vessels. C

Question 4

Physical traits such as weight

Accepted Answer

A)  are determined by genes more than by environment. 
B)  cannot be influenced by cultural practices. 
C)  can be influenced by genes, environment, and culture. 
D)  are entirely environmental. 
A)  are determined by genes more than by environment. 
B)  cannot be influenced by cultural practices. 
C)  can be influenced by genes, environment, and culture. 
D)  are entirely environmental.

Question 5

How are modern humans genetically different from the chimpanzee?

Accepted Answer

Modern humans are genetically different

Question 6

A selection-mutation balance occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation introduces alleles that selection favors for one reason, even if the alleles also cause a trait that is deleterious. 
B)  mutation introduces deleterious recessive alleles at a rate that is similar to or higher than the rate at which selection removes the alleles. 
C)  a large number of deleterious mutations occur over a short period of time, and there is no subsequent selection against them. 
D)  a beneficial mutation arises and spreads for a specific period of time, then the mutation becomes deleterious in a new environment and is removed by selection over a similar period of time. 
A)  mutation introduces alleles that selection favors for one reason, even if the alleles also cause a trait that is deleterious. 
B)  mutation introduces deleterious recessive alleles at a rate that is similar to or higher than the rate at which selection removes the alleles. 
C)  a large number of deleterious mutations occur over a short period of time, and there is no subsequent selection against them. 
D)  a beneficial mutation arises and spreads for a specific period of time, then the mutation becomes deleterious in a new environment and is removed by selection over a similar period of time.

Question 7

If variation in a trait is largely due to variation in genes, then

Accepted Answer

A)  monozygotic twins should be more similar to each other than dizygotic twins. 
B)  dizygotic twins should be more similar to each other than monozygotic twins. 
C)  monozygotic and dizygotic twins should be equally similar to one another. 
D)  dizygotic twins will be exactly alike. 
A)  monozygotic twins should be more similar to each other than dizygotic twins. 
B)  dizygotic twins should be more similar to each other than monozygotic twins. 
C)  monozygotic and dizygotic twins should be equally similar to one another. 
D)  dizygotic twins will be exactly alike.

Question 8

A balanced polymorphism is a

Accepted Answer

A)  balance between mutation and selection. 
B)  balance between selection and drift. 
C)  state in which two alleles remain in a population because of heterozygote advantage. 
D)  state in which environmental and genetic causes of a trait (a "morph") are roughly equal. 
A)  balance between mutation and selection. 
B)  balance between selection and drift. 
C)  state in which two alleles remain in a population because of heterozygote advantage. 
D)  state in which environmental and genetic causes of a trait (a "morph") are roughly equal.

Question 9

Genetic variation within local groups reflects about ________ of the genetic variation in the human species.

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  35% 
C)  85% 
D)  95% 
A)  5% 
B)  35% 
C)  85% 
D)  95%

Question 10

The hemoglobin S allele causes sickle-cell anemia. It occurs in high frequencies

Accepted Answer

A)  where pastoralism is common. 
B)  where drift has been strong. 
C)  where malaria is common. 
D)  where hemoglobin is rare. 
A)  where pastoralism is common. 
B)  where drift has been strong. 
C)  where malaria is common. 
D)  where hemoglobin is rare.

Question 11

________ tends to blur the effects of population expansions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Genetic drift 
C)  Gene flow 
D)  Founder effect 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Genetic drift 
C)  Gene flow 
D)  Founder effect

Question 12

Variation refers to ________ between individuals or populations of individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  differences 
B)  only genetic differences 
C)  only environmental differences 
D)  only cultural differences 
A)  differences 
B)  only genetic differences 
C)  only environmental differences 
D)  only cultural differences

Question 13

Variation in height is heritable within groups. Therefore, ________ height differences among groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences cause 
B)  environmental differences cause 
C)  cultural differences cause 
D)  genetic, environmental, or cultural differences may be responsible for 
A)  genetic differences cause 
B)  environmental differences cause 
C)  cultural differences cause 
D)  genetic, environmental, or cultural differences may be responsible for

Question 14

An example of a condition caused by genetic drift is

Accepted Answer

A)  porphyria variegata. 
B)  non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 
C)  lactose tolerance. 
D)  cystic fibrosis. 
A)  porphyria variegata. 
B)  non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 
C)  lactose tolerance. 
D)  cystic fibrosis.

Question 15

If parents and offspring resemble each other, similarities are likely due to shared

Accepted Answer

A)  genes. 
B)  genes and environments. 
C)  environment and culture. 
D)  genes, environments, and culture. 
A)  genes. 
B)  genes and environments. 
C)  environment and culture. 
D)  genes, environments, and culture.

Question 16

What percentage of protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees differ in a way that produces different proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  30% 
C)  50% 
D)  70% 
A)  10% 
B)  30% 
C)  50% 
D)  70%

Question 17

Most modern scientists studying human variation believe that humans can be divided into

Accepted Answer

A)  three races: Caucasian, African, and Asian. 
B)  five races: Caucasian, African, Asian, American Indian, and indigenous Australian. 
C)  seven races: Caucasian, African, Asian, American Indian, Australian, Polynesian, and Oceanic. 
D)  one race: human. 
A)  three races: Caucasian, African, and Asian. 
B)  five races: Caucasian, African, Asian, American Indian, and indigenous Australian. 
C)  seven races: Caucasian, African, Asian, American Indian, Australian, Polynesian, and Oceanic. 
D)  one race: human.

Question 18

Choose a trait and describe how the three sources of variation, genetic, environmental, and cultural, can cause the trait to vary.

Accepted Answer

The easiest example is height:
a. Geneti

Question 19

Humans and chimpanzees differ in about ________ of their total nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0% 
B)  2.5% 
C)  3.0% 
D)  0.75% 
A)  1.0% 
B)  2.5% 
C)  3.0% 
D)  0.75%

Question 20

Why are there many deleterious, often fatal, recessive alleles found at low frequencies in human populations?

Accepted Answer

Deleterious recessives can be maintained

Explain the changes in the structural or protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees.

By searching DNA sequences for ________ that are common in a population, geneticists can find sequences that have been subject to recent selection.

Which of the following describes sickle-cell anemia?

Physical traits such as weight

How are modern humans genetically different from the chimpanzee?

A selection-mutation balance occurs when

If variation in a trait is largely due to variation in genes, then

A balanced polymorphism is a

Genetic variation within local groups reflects about ________ of the genetic variation in the human species.

The hemoglobin S allele causes sickle-cell anemia. It occurs in high frequencies

________ tends to blur the effects of population expansions.

Variation refers to ________ between individuals or populations of individuals.

Variation in height is heritable within groups. Therefore, ________ height differences among groups.

An example of a condition caused by genetic drift is

If parents and offspring resemble each other, similarities are likely due to shared

What percentage of protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees differ in a way that produces different proteins?

Most modern scientists studying human variation believe that humans can be divided into

Choose a trait and describe how the three sources of variation, genetic, environmental, and cultural, can cause the trait to vary.

Humans and chimpanzees differ in about ________ of their total nucleotides.

Why are there many deleterious, often fatal, recessive alleles found at low frequencies in human populations?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 14: Human Genetics and Variation

Explain the changes in the structural or protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees.

By searching DNA sequences for ________ that are common in a population, geneticists can find sequences that have been subject to recent selection.

Which of the following describes sickle-cell anemia?

Physical traits such as weight

How are modern humans genetically different from the chimpanzee?

A selection-mutation balance occurs when

If variation in a trait is largely due to variation in genes, then

A balanced polymorphism is a

Genetic variation within local groups reflects about ________ of the genetic variation in the human species.

The hemoglobin S allele causes sickle-cell anemia. It occurs in high frequencies

________ tends to blur the effects of population expansions.

Variation refers to ________ between individuals or populations of individuals.

Variation in height is heritable within groups. Therefore, ________ height differences among groups.

An example of a condition caused by genetic drift is

If parents and offspring resemble each other, similarities are likely due to shared

What percentage of protein-coding genes of humans and chimpanzees differ in a way that produces different proteins?

Most modern scientists studying human variation believe that humans can be divided into

Choose a trait and describe how the three sources of variation, genetic, environmental, and cultural, can cause the trait to vary.

Humans and chimpanzees differ in about ________ of their total nucleotides.

Why are there many deleterious, often fatal, recessive alleles found at low frequencies in human populations?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters