Question 1

Intrasexual selection favors traits that

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance direct competition among individuals of the same sex. 
B)  are attractive to the opposite sex. 
C)  increase survival. 
D)  are easily adapted to change. 
A)  enhance direct competition among individuals of the same sex. 
B)  are attractive to the opposite sex. 
C)  increase survival. 
D)  are easily adapted to change. A

Question 2

In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit refer to the impact of behaviors on the animal's

Accepted Answer

A)  overall health. 
B)  genetic fitness. 
C)  foraging success. 
D)  social relationships. 
A)  overall health. 
B)  genetic fitness. 
C)  foraging success. 
D)  social relationships. B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominance rank is not a good predictor of female reproductive success. 
B)  Young females tend to reproduce more often than older females because they are in better physical condition. 
C)  Variation in longevity is a major contributor to variation in lifetime fitness among females. 
D)  Females in multimale groups have more offspring than females in one-male units. 
A)  Dominance rank is not a good predictor of female reproductive success. 
B)  Young females tend to reproduce more often than older females because they are in better physical condition. 
C)  Variation in longevity is a major contributor to variation in lifetime fitness among females. 
D)  Females in multimale groups have more offspring than females in one-male units. C

Question 4

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Accepted Answer

Female baboons must increase their time

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  In baboons, females compete with other females for mating opportunities with prime males, whereas males rarely compete with each other. 
B)  Male preference can influence female reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males. 
C)  In most pair-bonded species, both males and females care for offspring. 
D)  In polyandrous species, both males and females have equal opportunities to mate. 
A)  In baboons, females compete with other females for mating opportunities with prime males, whereas males rarely compete with each other. 
B)  Male preference can influence female reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males. 
C)  In most pair-bonded species, both males and females care for offspring. 
D)  In polyandrous species, both males and females have equal opportunities to mate.

Question 6

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Accepted Answer

A)  give low-ranking males a chance to compete. 
B)  let females know which males to mate with. 
C)  mediate male-male competition. 
D)  prevent infanticide. 
A)  give low-ranking males a chance to compete. 
B)  let females know which males to mate with. 
C)  mediate male-male competition. 
D)  prevent infanticide.

Question 7

Unequal parental investment is favored when

Accepted Answer

A)  resource competition is high for females. 
B)  the cost of acquiring additional mates is low for males. 
C)  the cost of acquiring additional mates is high for males. 
D)  the fitness of offspring raised by two parents is much higher than the fitness of offspring raised by one parent. 
A)  resource competition is high for females. 
B)  the cost of acquiring additional mates is low for males. 
C)  the cost of acquiring additional mates is high for males. 
D)  the fitness of offspring raised by two parents is much higher than the fitness of offspring raised by one parent.

Question 8

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Accepted Answer

A)  those groups usually have the best females with which to mate. 
B)  male primates prefer not to travel long distances alone. 
C)  the cost of dispersal is high due to predation risk and poor access to resources. 
D)  they know the neighboring groups, so they do not have to compete as fiercely for access. 
A)  those groups usually have the best females with which to mate. 
B)  male primates prefer not to travel long distances alone. 
C)  the cost of dispersal is high due to predation risk and poor access to resources. 
D)  they know the neighboring groups, so they do not have to compete as fiercely for access.

Question 9

Discuss the better documented counterstrategies to infanticide evolved by female primates, and give specific primate examples from the reading.

Accepted Answer

Counterstrategies evolved by primate fem

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of a group with a female dominance hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low-ranking howler females stay in their natal groups when dispersal is difficult. 
B)  There is no survival difference between the offspring of high- and low-ranking female long-tailed macaques. 
C)  When subordinate marmoset or tamarin females become pregnant, their infants may be killed by dominant females that have infants of their own. 
D)  high-ranking females maintain low levels of body fat. 
A)  Low-ranking howler females stay in their natal groups when dispersal is difficult. 
B)  There is no survival difference between the offspring of high- and low-ranking female long-tailed macaques. 
C)  When subordinate marmoset or tamarin females become pregnant, their infants may be killed by dominant females that have infants of their own. 
D)  high-ranking females maintain low levels of body fat.

Question 11

Because behavioral strategies are thought to be the product of natural selection, they should increase

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic fitness. 
B)  the cost-to-benefit ratio. 
C)  adaptations. 
D)  trade-offs. 
A)  genetic fitness. 
B)  the cost-to-benefit ratio. 
C)  adaptations. 
D)  trade-offs.

Question 12

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Accepted Answer

A)  can achieve high fertility and low infant mortality equivalent to middle-age and older females. 
B)  will have shorter interbirth intervals than fully grown females. 
C)  will have lower fertility than middle-age females. 
D)  will not achieve full adult size in their lifetimes. 
A)  can achieve high fertility and low infant mortality equivalent to middle-age and older females. 
B)  will have shorter interbirth intervals than fully grown females. 
C)  will have lower fertility than middle-age females. 
D)  will not achieve full adult size in their lifetimes.

Question 13

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because they

Accepted Answer

A)  produce smaller offspring, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
B)  have larger brains, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
C)  have access to more nutritive resources than other mammals. 
D)  do not possess the morphology for external gestation. 
A)  produce smaller offspring, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
B)  have larger brains, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
C)  have access to more nutritive resources than other mammals. 
D)  do not possess the morphology for external gestation.

Question 14

When females can defeat all the females ranked below them and none of the females ranked above them, dominance relationships are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  unlikely to produce sexual selection. 
B)  unstable. 
C)  transitive. 
D)  explained by intersexual competition. 
A)  unlikely to produce sexual selection. 
B)  unstable. 
C)  transitive. 
D)  explained by intersexual competition.

Question 15

Male reproduction is limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of sex cells a male produces. 
B)  parental investment and infant care. 
C)  the number of fertile females. 
D)  food availability. 
A)  the number of sex cells a male produces. 
B)  parental investment and infant care. 
C)  the number of fertile females. 
D)  food availability.

Question 16

Large body sizes that require more energy and weaponry that can cause severe injury demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection is stronger than natural selection. 
B)  natural selection is stronger than sexual selection. 
C)  male reproductive success varies less than female reproductive success. 
D)  intersexual selection is strong in primates. 
A)  sexual selection is stronger than natural selection. 
B)  natural selection is stronger than sexual selection. 
C)  male reproductive success varies less than female reproductive success. 
D)  intersexual selection is strong in primates.

Question 17

Male primates commit infanticide in one-male, multifemale groups because

Accepted Answer

A)  it enhances male attractiveness to females. 
B)  females without nursing infants resume sexual receptivity. 
C)  females do not want infants sired by a nonalpha male. 
D)  they want to limit the number of males in their group. 
A)  it enhances male attractiveness to females. 
B)  females without nursing infants resume sexual receptivity. 
C)  females do not want infants sired by a nonalpha male. 
D)  they want to limit the number of males in their group.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics would you expect to find in a species in which there is extreme competition among males for access to females?

Accepted Answer

A)  well-camouflaged or dull-colored coat 
B)  female body size larger than male body size 
C)  larger canine teeth in females than in males 
D)  larger canine teeth in males than in females 
A)  well-camouflaged or dull-colored coat 
B)  female body size larger than male body size 
C)  larger canine teeth in females than in males 
D)  larger canine teeth in males than in females

Question 19

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection is a type of natural se

Question 20

The reproductive success of primate females is constrained mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  the energetic costs of pregnancy and lactation. 
B)  the availability of males. 
C)  a female's genetic makeup. 
D)  a female's ability to attract mates. 
A)  the energetic costs of pregnancy and lactation. 
B)  the availability of males. 
C)  a female's genetic makeup. 
D)  a female's ability to attract mates.

Intrasexual selection favors traits that

In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit refer to the impact of behaviors on the animal's

Which of the following statements is true?

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Unequal parental investment is favored when

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Discuss the better documented counterstrategies to infanticide evolved by female primates, and give specific primate examples from the reading.

Which of the following statements is true of a group with a female dominance hierarchy?

Because behavioral strategies are thought to be the product of natural selection, they should increase

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because they

When females can defeat all the females ranked below them and none of the females ranked above them, dominance relationships are said to be

Male reproduction is limited by

Large body sizes that require more energy and weaponry that can cause severe injury demonstrate that

Male primates commit infanticide in one-male, multifemale groups because

Which of the following characteristics would you expect to find in a species in which there is extreme competition among males for access to females?

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

The reproductive success of primate females is constrained mainly by

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 6: Primate Mating Systems

Intrasexual selection favors traits that

In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit refer to the impact of behaviors on the animal's

Which of the following statements is true?

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Unequal parental investment is favored when

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Discuss the better documented counterstrategies to infanticide evolved by female primates, and give specific primate examples from the reading.

Which of the following statements is true of a group with a female dominance hierarchy?

Because behavioral strategies are thought to be the product of natural selection, they should increase

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because they

When females can defeat all the females ranked below them and none of the females ranked above them, dominance relationships are said to be

Male reproduction is limited by

Large body sizes that require more energy and weaponry that can cause severe injury demonstrate that

Male primates commit infanticide in one-male, multifemale groups because

Which of the following characteristics would you expect to find in a species in which there is extreme competition among males for access to females?

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

The reproductive success of primate females is constrained mainly by

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters