Question 1

The first Neanderthal findings were initially thought to be

Accepted Answer

A)  diseased modern humans. 
B)  an extinct prehuman animal. 
C)  an undiscovered living race of people. 
D)  evidence of H. erectus in Europe. 
A)  diseased modern humans. 
B)  an extinct prehuman animal. 
C)  an undiscovered living race of people. 
D)  evidence of H. erectus in Europe. A

Question 2

Discuss the differences between Mode 1, 2, and 3 stone tool technologies.

Accepted Answer

Mode 1, such as Oldowan tools, used by early Homo, H. ergaster, and H. erectus in Asia and by H. floresiensis and H. heidelbergensis in Asia, used cores and flakes. The flakes were likely the most useful for cutting. Cores did not receive additional manufacturing (for example, chopper). These tools were haphazard in design and lacked consistency.
Mode 2, such as Acheulean tools, used by later H. ergaster, added the biface to the tool kit. To make a biface, a core received additional manufacturing to create a sharp edge along the entire circumference. Examples include hand axes, cleavers, and picks. These are larger than Mode 1 tools. They were made according to a specific design.
Mode 3, such as Levallois tools, used by H. heidelbergensis, required more skill to make. Prepared core tools were made from large, symmetrical, regular flakes. Some were hafted, increasing the distance of use and the efficiency of the tool.

Question 3

What processes may have caused the changes in hominin morphology and technology during the Pleistocene?

Accepted Answer

Several processes may have been at work during the Pleistocene to spur the changes in morphology and technology:
a. Continual climatic change would have created new selection pressures;
b. Tool technologies may have been adaptive modifications in particular regions of the world. For example, in Africa, there may have been slow, gradual change through the modes of tool production; and
c. Repeated invasions by later populations of hominins from Africa could have replaced those in Eurasia. Technological shifts in Eurasia seem to be timed with interglacial periods when hominins could have migrated out of Africa and into Eurasia.

Question 4

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include a

Accepted Answer

A)  higher forehead. 
B)  flat face with a projecting chin. 
C)  skull with more vertical sides. 
D)  large, prognathic face, lacking a projecting chin. 
A)  higher forehead. 
B)  flat face with a projecting chin. 
C)  skull with more vertical sides. 
D)  large, prognathic face, lacking a projecting chin.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the vertebral canal of Homo erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is smaller than in modern humans. 
B)  It is larger than in modern humans. 
C)  It is the same size as in modern humans. 
D)  It is sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than in modern humans. 
A)  It is smaller than in modern humans. 
B)  It is larger than in modern humans. 
C)  It is the same size as in modern humans. 
D)  It is sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than in modern humans.

Question 6

Why do anatomists think that Homo erectus did not have spoken language?

Accepted Answer

a. The vertebral canal in the thoracic r

Question 7

The investigation of Rising Star Cave in South Africa presented a very difficult challenge, which was solved by

Accepted Answer

A)  using a mix of backhoes and hand excavation techniques. 
B)  blasting the fossils out of the nearly inaccessible caves. 
C)  hiring tiny but well-trained excavators. 
D)  imaging the site with X-rays and leaving the fossils in place. 
A)  using a mix of backhoes and hand excavation techniques. 
B)  blasting the fossils out of the nearly inaccessible caves. 
C)  hiring tiny but well-trained excavators. 
D)  imaging the site with X-rays and leaving the fossils in place.

Question 8

The hominin H. heidelbergensis represents

Accepted Answer

A)  a sister group of H. habilis. 
B)  a species found only in Asia. 
C)  archaic H. sapiens of the early Middle Pleistocene. 
D)  a hominin believed to have become extinct about 10,000 years ago. 
A)  a sister group of H. habilis. 
B)  a species found only in Asia. 
C)  archaic H. sapiens of the early Middle Pleistocene. 
D)  a hominin believed to have become extinct about 10,000 years ago.

Question 9

The typical brain size of Homo heidelbergensis was between

Accepted Answer

A)  700 and 900 cc. 
B)  1,300 and 1,400 cc. 
C)  1,200 and 1,300 cc. 
D)  1,400 and 1,600 cc. 
A)  700 and 900 cc. 
B)  1,300 and 1,400 cc. 
C)  1,200 and 1,300 cc. 
D)  1,400 and 1,600 cc.

Question 10

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher, vertical forehead. 
B)  a skull that is narrow behind the eyes like Homo erectus. 
C)  thick cranial bones. 
D)  a sagittal crest like some Australopithecines. 
A)  a higher, vertical forehead. 
B)  a skull that is narrow behind the eyes like Homo erectus. 
C)  thick cranial bones. 
D)  a sagittal crest like some Australopithecines.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of hominins living in Africa during the later Middle Pleistocene?

Accepted Answer

A)  They had large cranial volumes ranging from 1,370 to 1,510 cc. 
B)  They had specialized features diagnostic of European Neanderthals. 
C)  They were less like modern hominins than earlier African hominins. 
D)  They date prior to 400 ka. 
A)  They had large cranial volumes ranging from 1,370 to 1,510 cc. 
B)  They had specialized features diagnostic of European Neanderthals. 
C)  They were less like modern hominins than earlier African hominins. 
D)  They date prior to 400 ka.

Question 12

The rapidly fluctuating climates of the Pleistocene may have caused some populations of hominins to

Accepted Answer

A)  migrate to Africa. 
B)  become fully isolated and even more specialized. 
C)  rely on plant foods more. 
D)  build permanent shelters. 
A)  migrate to Africa. 
B)  become fully isolated and even more specialized. 
C)  rely on plant foods more. 
D)  build permanent shelters.

Question 13

Neanderthal remains date to about ________ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million to 10,000 
B)  500,000 to 100,000 
C)  127,000 to 30,000 
D)  30,000 to 10,000 
A)  1 million to 10,000 
B)  500,000 to 100,000 
C)  127,000 to 30,000 
D)  30,000 to 10,000

Question 14

Which of the following is a characterization of change in technology and hominin species suggested by Foley and Lahr?

Accepted Answer

A)  Technological change happened slowly and was mainly genetically controlled, while new species arose quickly. 
B)  Most happened outside of Europe, with new technologies and hominins arriving in Europe long after they arose mainly in Africa. 
C)  The various hominins seen in Europe evolved slowly over time within Europe, while technologies arrived abruptly during glacial maxima, mainly from Asia. 
D)  Europe was the source of most change in both technology and morphology, with these changes spreading first to Asia and then later to Africa. 
A)  Technological change happened slowly and was mainly genetically controlled, while new species arose quickly. 
B)  Most happened outside of Europe, with new technologies and hominins arriving in Europe long after they arose mainly in Africa. 
C)  The various hominins seen in Europe evolved slowly over time within Europe, while technologies arrived abruptly during glacial maxima, mainly from Asia. 
D)  Europe was the source of most change in both technology and morphology, with these changes spreading first to Asia and then later to Africa.

Question 15

Which of the following statements can be seen as support for the idea that Homo floresiensis is descended from Homo erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skulls of H. floresiensis share a number of derived characters with H. erectus. 
B)  A rich fossil record documents a long occupation of nearby mainland areas by H. erectus. 
C)  Mode 2 tools have been found on Flores and are dated to 500,000 years ago. 
D)  Adult H. floresiensis look like H. erectus children. 
A)  The skulls of H. floresiensis share a number of derived characters with H. erectus. 
B)  A rich fossil record documents a long occupation of nearby mainland areas by H. erectus. 
C)  Mode 2 tools have been found on Flores and are dated to 500,000 years ago. 
D)  Adult H. floresiensis look like H. erectus children.

Question 16

About 300,000 years ago in Europe, some features of H. heidelbergensis included double-arched browridges, average cranial capacity of 1,390 cc, and a face that bulges out, or is prognathic, about midway. These features are shared with

Accepted Answer

A)  H. ergaster. 
B)  H. erectus. 
C)  Neanderthals. 
D)  modern H. sapiens. 
A)  H. ergaster. 
B)  H. erectus. 
C)  Neanderthals. 
D)  modern H. sapiens.

Question 17

During the height of the last glacial period (around 30 ka), which of the following occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Huge continental glaciers covered much of Southern Europe and North Africa. 
B)  Sea levels rose. 
C)  Eurasia teemed with animals like woolly mammoths, woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, aurochs, musk oxen, and horses. 
D)  Forests expanded in Africa. 
A)  Huge continental glaciers covered much of Southern Europe and North Africa. 
B)  Sea levels rose. 
C)  Eurasia teemed with animals like woolly mammoths, woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, aurochs, musk oxen, and horses. 
D)  Forests expanded in Africa.

Question 18

For most of the last 130,000 years, the global climate has almost always been

Accepted Answer

A)  hotter than at present. 
B)  colder than at present. 
C)  about the same as at present. 
D)  sometimes much hotter and sometimes about the same as present. 
A)  hotter than at present. 
B)  colder than at present. 
C)  about the same as at present. 
D)  sometimes much hotter and sometimes about the same as present.

Question 19

What does genetic data from fossils found at Denisova Cave indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neanderthals and other hominins of the time were genetically isolated. 
B)  Denisovans, a population that predates 50,000 years, share a common ancestor with Neanderthals postdating the Neanderthal-human split. 
C)  A very small-bodied form of Homo ergaster or erectus evolved in Europe. 
D)  The Denisovans are a form of Neanderthal. 
A)  Neanderthals and other hominins of the time were genetically isolated. 
B)  Denisovans, a population that predates 50,000 years, share a common ancestor with Neanderthals postdating the Neanderthal-human split. 
C)  A very small-bodied form of Homo ergaster or erectus evolved in Europe. 
D)  The Denisovans are a form of Neanderthal.

Question 20

The average Neanderthal braincase was between about

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 and 1,275 cc. 
B)  1,275 and 1,740 cc. 
C)  700 and 1,200 cc. 
D)  1,100 and 1,250 cc. 
A)  1,000 and 1,275 cc. 
B)  1,275 and 1,740 cc. 
C)  700 and 1,200 cc. 
D)  1,100 and 1,250 cc.

The first Neanderthal findings were initially thought to be

Discuss the differences between Mode 1, 2, and 3 stone tool technologies.

What processes may have caused the changes in hominin morphology and technology during the Pleistocene?

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include a

Which of the following is true of the vertebral canal of Homo erectus?

Why do anatomists think that Homo erectus did not have spoken language?

The investigation of Rising Star Cave in South Africa presented a very difficult challenge, which was solved by

The hominin H. heidelbergensis represents

The typical brain size of Homo heidelbergensis was between

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include

Which of the following statements is true of hominins living in Africa during the later Middle Pleistocene?

The rapidly fluctuating climates of the Pleistocene may have caused some populations of hominins to

Neanderthal remains date to about ________ years ago.

Which of the following is a characterization of change in technology and hominin species suggested by Foley and Lahr?

Which of the following statements can be seen as support for the idea that Homo floresiensis is descended from Homo erectus?

About 300,000 years ago in Europe, some features of H. heidelbergensis included double-arched browridges, average cranial capacity of 1,390 cc, and a face that bulges out, or is prognathic, about midway. These features are shared with

During the height of the last glacial period (around 30 ka), which of the following occurred?

For most of the last 130,000 years, the global climate has almost always been

What does genetic data from fossils found at Denisova Cave indicate?

The average Neanderthal braincase was between about

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

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Exam 12: The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

The first Neanderthal findings were initially thought to be

Discuss the differences between Mode 1, 2, and 3 stone tool technologies.

What processes may have caused the changes in hominin morphology and technology during the Pleistocene?

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include a

Which of the following is true of the vertebral canal of Homo erectus?

Why do anatomists think that Homo erectus did not have spoken language?

The investigation of Rising Star Cave in South Africa presented a very difficult challenge, which was solved by

The hominin H. heidelbergensis represents

The typical brain size of Homo heidelbergensis was between

Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include

Which of the following statements is true of hominins living in Africa during the later Middle Pleistocene?

The rapidly fluctuating climates of the Pleistocene may have caused some populations of hominins to

Neanderthal remains date to about ________ years ago.

Which of the following is a characterization of change in technology and hominin species suggested by Foley and Lahr?

Which of the following statements can be seen as support for the idea that Homo floresiensis is descended from Homo erectus?

About 300,000 years ago in Europe, some features of H. heidelbergensis included double-arched browridges, average cranial capacity of 1,390 cc, and a face that bulges out, or is prognathic, about midway. These features are shared with

During the height of the last glacial period (around 30 ka), which of the following occurred?

For most of the last 130,000 years, the global climate has almost always been

What does genetic data from fossils found at Denisova Cave indicate?

The average Neanderthal braincase was between about

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters