Question 1

Which of the following is true of associative learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not require understanding conceptual categories like dominance hierarchies. 
B)  It requires theory of mind. 
C)  It involves knowing the mental states of others. 
D)  It is a level of learning that all animals possess. 
A)  It does not require understanding conceptual categories like dominance hierarchies. 
B)  It requires theory of mind. 
C)  It involves knowing the mental states of others. 
D)  It is a level of learning that all animals possess. A

Question 2

How does life history theory explain the trade-offs regarding rate of reproduction and quality of offspring? Illustrate your answer with animal examples.

Accepted Answer

Life history theory explains the trade-offs between the quality and quantity of offspring and current and future reproduction based on the following principles: (a) reproduction is costly, and therefore, (b) natural selection acts to maximize fitness.
The rate of reproduction can be maximized, having as many offspring as possible, with the likely outcome being that only a few will survive. Or, the rate of reproduction can be optimized so that each offspring has a good chance of success, but effort is not wasted on too much focus on a smaller number of offspring.
Therefore, organisms can either have many offspring or a few of high quality that require more care, and they can have offspring (a) now or (b) later, but they cannot do both.
Any energy contributed to one offspring comes at a cost to others. Fast maturation and higher fertility at younger ages are favored primarily because natural selection is weaker on traits that affect older individuals. But ecological factors can shift this. Examples used in the book include opossum or other marsupials and placental mammals of different sizes and reproductive strategies. Lions, elephants, and primates are used as examples in the book, but other examples may be used by students (for example, mice and rats for the fast- or short-life history pattern).

Question 3

When a juvenile distress vocalization is played for a troop of vervet monkeys and the mother of the juvenile orients toward the speaker, we can infer that vervet mothers

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize the sound of their own kin. 
B)  like their offspring. 
C)  are subordinate to their offspring. 
D)  are located in the center of vervet troops. 
A)  recognize the sound of their own kin. 
B)  like their offspring. 
C)  are subordinate to their offspring. 
D)  are located in the center of vervet troops. A

Question 4

There is evidence that monkeys and apes are able to

Accepted Answer

A)  deceive one another. 
B)  create fictive kin categories. 
C)  make the connection between what others are looking at and what they are attending to. 
D)  recognize themselves in a mirror. 
A)  deceive one another. 
B)  create fictive kin categories. 
C)  make the connection between what others are looking at and what they are attending to. 
D)  recognize themselves in a mirror.

Question 5

Give two examples showing that primates have intelligence designed for navigating social relationships.

Accepted Answer

Students can choose two of any of the fo

Question 6

A key derived primate trait is a relatively large brain relative to body size, with humans having among the largest. How much metabolic energy do adult human brains consume in a day?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  30% 
D)  40% 
A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  30% 
D)  40%

Question 7

Imagine you are a capuchin monkey that has been enlisted to support another groupmate. Which of the following do you support in an aggressive interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  a female 
B)  a distant associate 
C)  a subordinate 
D)  a dominant male 
A)  a female 
B)  a distant associate 
C)  a subordinate 
D)  a dominant male

Question 8

There are two male chimpanzees in an experiment: a dominant one and a subordinate one. The subordinate can see two caches of food, but the dominant can see only one. If chimpanzees have the capacity of theory of mind, which of the caches of food do you predict the subordinate chimp will attempt to acquire?

Accepted Answer

A)  the one in view of the dominant chimpanzee 
B)  the one hidden from the dominant chimpanzee 
C)  The chimp would chose randomly between the two. 
D)  The subordinate chimp would fake to the invisible food, then snatch the visible food. 
A)  the one in view of the dominant chimpanzee 
B)  the one hidden from the dominant chimpanzee 
C)  The chimp would chose randomly between the two. 
D)  The subordinate chimp would fake to the invisible food, then snatch the visible food.

Question 9

Chimpanzees and orangutans perform as well as 2-year-old humans in which domain?

Accepted Answer

A)  memory 
B)  imprinting 
C)  social cognition 
D)  physical cognition 
A)  memory 
B)  imprinting 
C)  social cognition 
D)  physical cognition

Question 10

The theory of mind includes the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  form complex social coalitions. 
B)  visually distinguish kin from nonkin. 
C)  understand the mental states of other individuals. 
D)  use tools. 
A)  form complex social coalitions. 
B)  visually distinguish kin from nonkin. 
C)  understand the mental states of other individuals. 
D)  use tools.

Question 11

What is the fundamental evolutionary trade-off between variables that constrain reproduction in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of estrous cycles versus female's life span 
B)  number of adult males versus number of adult females in a group 
C)  sex ratio of offspring versus quantity of offspring 
D)  quality versus quantity of offspring 
A)  number of estrous cycles versus female's life span 
B)  number of adult males versus number of adult females in a group 
C)  sex ratio of offspring versus quantity of offspring 
D)  quality versus quantity of offspring

Question 12

Animals that reproduce at later ages have

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller brain and body sizes. 
B)  longer gestation times. 
C)  shorter life spans and higher rates of mortality. 
D)  a menopausal stage. 
A)  smaller brain and body sizes. 
B)  longer gestation times. 
C)  shorter life spans and higher rates of mortality. 
D)  a menopausal stage.

Question 13

To understand third-party relationships, a primate must

Accepted Answer

A)  have knowledge of the nature of relationships among other individuals. 
B)  live in a large group. 
C)  be able to predict food distribution in an environment. 
D)  understand the reproductive rates of other primates. 
A)  have knowledge of the nature of relationships among other individuals. 
B)  live in a large group. 
C)  be able to predict food distribution in an environment. 
D)  understand the reproductive rates of other primates.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of monkeys while forming coalitions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They enlist only the physically largest group members as allies. 
B)  They will act altruistically on behalf of allies. 
C)  They respond positively only if it is beneficial to them. 
D)  They choose lower-ranked animals to help them. 
A)  They enlist only the physically largest group members as allies. 
B)  They will act altruistically on behalf of allies. 
C)  They respond positively only if it is beneficial to them. 
D)  They choose lower-ranked animals to help them.

Question 15

Resource competition is an example of an environmental condition that influences

Accepted Answer

A)  predator avoidance. 
B)  mating patterns. 
C)  life history traits. 
D)  secondary sex characteristics. 
A)  predator avoidance. 
B)  mating patterns. 
C)  life history traits. 
D)  secondary sex characteristics.

Question 16

Give two examples of the experimental evidence that some primates have the ability to recognize the nature of kin relationships among other conspecifics.

Accepted Answer

Students can draw on any of the followin

Question 17

Explain why coalitional behavior may require sophisticated cognitive abilities.

Accepted Answer

Coalition behavior requires sophisticate

Question 18

The area of the brain that is most closely associated with problem solving and behavioral flexibility is the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain stem to hippocampus ratio. 
B)  executive brain to brain stem ratio. 
C)  absolute size of brain stem. 
D)  absolute size of hippocampus. 
A)  brain stem to hippocampus ratio. 
B)  executive brain to brain stem ratio. 
C)  absolute size of brain stem. 
D)  absolute size of hippocampus.

Question 19

In contrast to the social intelligence hypothesis, the behavioral flexibility hypothesis seeks to explain selection for large brains in monkeys and apes as having been driven in part by which of the following ecological factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  folivory 
B)  frugivory 
C)  extractive foraging 
D)  learning 
A)  folivory 
B)  frugivory 
C)  extractive foraging 
D)  learning

Question 20

Playback experiments of vervet monkeys show that

Accepted Answer

A)  males can recognize their offsprings' vocalizations. 
B)  mothers recognize the call of their own offspring and one another's offspring. 
C)  offspring recognize the calls of their mothers. 
D)  all group members respond to calls of juveniles. 
A)  males can recognize their offsprings' vocalizations. 
B)  mothers recognize the call of their own offspring and one another's offspring. 
C)  offspring recognize the calls of their mothers. 
D)  all group members respond to calls of juveniles.

Which of the following is true of associative learning?

How does life history theory explain the trade-offs regarding rate of reproduction and quality of offspring? Illustrate your answer with animal examples.

When a juvenile distress vocalization is played for a troop of vervet monkeys and the mother of the juvenile orients toward the speaker, we can infer that vervet mothers

There is evidence that monkeys and apes are able to

Give two examples showing that primates have intelligence designed for navigating social relationships.

A key derived primate trait is a relatively large brain relative to body size, with humans having among the largest. How much metabolic energy do adult human brains consume in a day?

Imagine you are a capuchin monkey that has been enlisted to support another groupmate. Which of the following do you support in an aggressive interaction?

Chimpanzees and orangutans perform as well as 2-year-old humans in which domain?

The theory of mind includes the ability to

What is the fundamental evolutionary trade-off between variables that constrain reproduction in mammals?

Animals that reproduce at later ages have

To understand third-party relationships, a primate must

Which of the following statements is true of monkeys while forming coalitions?

Resource competition is an example of an environmental condition that influences

Give two examples of the experimental evidence that some primates have the ability to recognize the nature of kin relationships among other conspecifics.

Explain why coalitional behavior may require sophisticated cognitive abilities.

The area of the brain that is most closely associated with problem solving and behavioral flexibility is the

In contrast to the social intelligence hypothesis, the behavioral flexibility hypothesis seeks to explain selection for large brains in monkeys and apes as having been driven in part by which of the following ecological factors?

Playback experiments of vervet monkeys show that

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 8: Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

Which of the following is true of associative learning?

How does life history theory explain the trade-offs regarding rate of reproduction and quality of offspring? Illustrate your answer with animal examples.

When a juvenile distress vocalization is played for a troop of vervet monkeys and the mother of the juvenile orients toward the speaker, we can infer that vervet mothers

There is evidence that monkeys and apes are able to

Give two examples showing that primates have intelligence designed for navigating social relationships.

A key derived primate trait is a relatively large brain relative to body size, with humans having among the largest. How much metabolic energy do adult human brains consume in a day?

Imagine you are a capuchin monkey that has been enlisted to support another groupmate. Which of the following do you support in an aggressive interaction?

Chimpanzees and orangutans perform as well as 2-year-old humans in which domain?

The theory of mind includes the ability to

What is the fundamental evolutionary trade-off between variables that constrain reproduction in mammals?

Animals that reproduce at later ages have

To understand third-party relationships, a primate must

Which of the following statements is true of monkeys while forming coalitions?

Resource competition is an example of an environmental condition that influences

Give two examples of the experimental evidence that some primates have the ability to recognize the nature of kin relationships among other conspecifics.

Explain why coalitional behavior may require sophisticated cognitive abilities.

The area of the brain that is most closely associated with problem solving and behavioral flexibility is the

In contrast to the social intelligence hypothesis, the behavioral flexibility hypothesis seeks to explain selection for large brains in monkeys and apes as having been driven in part by which of the following ecological factors?

Playback experiments of vervet monkeys show that

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters