Question 1

The modern synthesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the combination of Mendelian and blending inheritance. 
B)  the combination of anthropology and biology. 
C)  the combination of modern genetics and Darwinism. 
D)  the combination of modern anthropology with animal behavior. 
A)  the combination of Mendelian and blending inheritance. 
B)  the combination of anthropology and biology. 
C)  the combination of modern genetics and Darwinism. 
D)  the combination of modern anthropology with animal behavior. C

Question 2

What are the genotypic frequencies of the following population: 60 AA, 120 Aa, and 20 aa individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% AA, 60% Aa, and 10% aa 
B)  60% A and 40% a 
C)  60% AA, 20% Aa, and 20% aa 
D)  60% AA, 30% Aa, and 10% aa 
A)  30% AA, 60% Aa, and 10% aa 
B)  60% A and 40% a 
C)  60% AA, 20% Aa, and 20% aa 
D)  60% AA, 30% Aa, and 10% aa A

Question 3

Imagine a population where 20 individuals are aa, 40 are Aa, and 40 are AA. What are the allelic frequencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  a = 0.2 and A = 0.8 
B)  a = 0.4 and A = 0.6 
C)  a = 0.5 and A = 0.5 
D)  a = 0.6 and A = 0.4 
A)  a = 0.2 and A = 0.8 
B)  a = 0.4 and A = 0.6 
C)  a = 0.5 and A = 0.5 
D)  a = 0.6 and A = 0.4 B

Question 4

The environment changes so that most individuals in a population are not well adapted to the environment. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a local optimum. 
B)  disequilibrium. 
C)  environmental drift. 
D)  genetic drift. 
A)  a local optimum. 
B)  disequilibrium. 
C)  environmental drift. 
D)  genetic drift.

Question 5

A correlated response to selection occurs when selection

Accepted Answer

A)  indirectly increases a trait that has no effect on survival. 
B)  directly increases a trait that has a negative effect on survival. 
C)  is disruptive. 
D)  is stabilizing. 
A)  indirectly increases a trait that has no effect on survival. 
B)  directly increases a trait that has a negative effect on survival. 
C)  is disruptive. 
D)  is stabilizing.

Question 6

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  selection can use abundant hidden variation to move a population beyond its initial range of variation. 
B)  domestication of dogs involved a great deal of selection that whittled down the previously large diversity of wolves into the narrow range we call "dogs." 
C)  domestication of dogs involved a weakening of selection, and the result is a random range of dogs. 
D)  since dogs easily revert to wolf state if allowed to breed freely, dogs are mainly a cultural construct and are not genetically well defined. 
A)  selection can use abundant hidden variation to move a population beyond its initial range of variation. 
B)  domestication of dogs involved a great deal of selection that whittled down the previously large diversity of wolves into the narrow range we call "dogs." 
C)  domestication of dogs involved a weakening of selection, and the result is a random range of dogs. 
D)  since dogs easily revert to wolf state if allowed to breed freely, dogs are mainly a cultural construct and are not genetically well defined.

Question 7

Why is mating in humans always effectively random even if individuals were to intentionally pick mates based on the absence of important genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even if all the genetic loci are used in making a mate choice, the next generation randomizes the genes anyway. 
B)  In humans, there is no linkage, even between genes located near each other on the same chromosome. 
C)  The mating is still random across almost every one of the more than 22,000 loci across the human genome. 
D)  Humans lack genetic diversity; therefore, almost all human genes have a single allele. 
A)  Even if all the genetic loci are used in making a mate choice, the next generation randomizes the genes anyway. 
B)  In humans, there is no linkage, even between genes located near each other on the same chromosome. 
C)  The mating is still random across almost every one of the more than 22,000 loci across the human genome. 
D)  Humans lack genetic diversity; therefore, almost all human genes have a single allele.

Question 8

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Accepted Answer

A)  males must cooperate with other males to guard females. 
B)  flexibility requires longer appendages. 
C)  males will sometimes make mistakes about the local sex ratio and behave inappropriately. 
D)  flexible males have to grow larger and therefore need more food. 
A)  males must cooperate with other males to guard females. 
B)  flexibility requires longer appendages. 
C)  males will sometimes make mistakes about the local sex ratio and behave inappropriately. 
D)  flexible males have to grow larger and therefore need more food.

Question 9

During a drought on Daphne Major, ground finches with thinner beaks would have been at an advantage over the birds that lacked this trait. However, because beak depth was favored by natural selection, beak width also increased. This is an example of how selection on one character can cause other characters to change in a ________ direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  positively correlated 
B)  fixated 
C)  maladaptive 
D)  plastic 
A)  positively correlated 
B)  fixated 
C)  maladaptive 
D)  plastic

Question 10

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% aa, 50% Aa, and 25% AA 
B)  all AA 
C)  4% aa, 16% Aa, and 64% AA 
D)  4% aa, 64% Aa, and 16% AA 
A)  25% aa, 50% Aa, and 25% AA 
B)  all AA 
C)  4% aa, 16% Aa, and 64% AA 
D)  4% aa, 64% Aa, and 16% AA

Question 11

How is continuous variation consistent with Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Continuous variation is not caused by co

Question 12

Behaviors are more likely to be canalized if

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no genetic control of the behavior. 
B)  the behavior is seen in a variety of environments. 
C)  the behavior is seen in environments that are the same. 
D)  phenotypes vary. 
A)  there is no genetic control of the behavior. 
B)  the behavior is seen in a variety of environments. 
C)  the behavior is seen in environments that are the same. 
D)  phenotypes vary.

Question 13

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection can produce change when no variation is present in a population. 
B)  Selection cannot change the frequency of different phenotypes. 
C)  The strength and direction of selection depend on the environment. 
D)  The strength of selection is determined by dominant alleles. 
A)  Selection can produce change when no variation is present in a population. 
B)  Selection cannot change the frequency of different phenotypes. 
C)  The strength and direction of selection depend on the environment. 
D)  The strength of selection is determined by dominant alleles.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of evolutionary change in a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results from change in the environment only. 
B)  It reflects change in the underlying genetic composition of a population. 
C)  It cannot be passed from parent to offspring. 
D)  Acquired phenotypic traits cause an underlying genetic change. 
A)  It results from change in the environment only. 
B)  It reflects change in the underlying genetic composition of a population. 
C)  It cannot be passed from parent to offspring. 
D)  Acquired phenotypic traits cause an underlying genetic change.

Question 15

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

Accepted Answer

A)  we are in perfect equilibrium with regard to such appetites. 
B)  these appetites are always adaptive. 
C)  such appetites were adaptive in ancient environments. 
D)  these appetites are adaptive in our modern environment. 
A)  we are in perfect equilibrium with regard to such appetites. 
B)  these appetites are always adaptive. 
C)  such appetites were adaptive in ancient environments. 
D)  these appetites are adaptive in our modern environment.

Question 16

Mutation can maintain variation because

Accepted Answer

A)  every mutation results in adaptation. 
B)  directional selection is constantly working. 
C)  a considerable amount of variation is protected from selection. 
D)  the rates of mutation are very high. 
A)  every mutation results in adaptation. 
B)  directional selection is constantly working. 
C)  a considerable amount of variation is protected from selection. 
D)  the rates of mutation are very high.

Question 17

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal 
B)  fixed 
C)  developmental 
D)  genetic 
A)  optimal 
B)  fixed 
C)  developmental 
D)  genetic

Question 18

The genotype frequency for an allele, measured in terms of hypothetical gametes, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of gametes of a particular allele divided by the total number of gametes. 
B)  the total number of gametes divided by the number of gametes of a particular allele. 
C)  the number of parents with either one or two copies of the allele divided by 2. 
D)  a random number under control of genetic drift. 
A)  the number of gametes of a particular allele divided by the total number of gametes. 
B)  the total number of gametes divided by the number of gametes of a particular allele. 
C)  the number of parents with either one or two copies of the allele divided by 2. 
D)  a random number under control of genetic drift.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about correlated characters is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can occur because some genes affect more than one character. 
B)  They change independently. 
C)  They are always positively related. 
D)  They make natural selection longer. 
A)  They can occur because some genes affect more than one character. 
B)  They change independently. 
C)  They are always positively related. 
D)  They make natural selection longer.

Question 20

The phenotypic frequencies of a character sometimes form a smooth, bell-shaped curve because

Accepted Answer

A)  only two distinct alleles underlie the trait. 
B)  environmental variation smooths out the gaps between phenotypes. 
C)  sampling error when measuring the trait smooths out the variation. 
D)  continuous, smooth variation has a very high mutation rate. 
A)  only two distinct alleles underlie the trait. 
B)  environmental variation smooths out the gaps between phenotypes. 
C)  sampling error when measuring the trait smooths out the variation. 
D)  continuous, smooth variation has a very high mutation rate.

The modern synthesis refers to

What are the genotypic frequencies of the following population: 60 AA, 120 Aa, and 20 aa individuals?

Imagine a population where 20 individuals are aa, 40 are Aa, and 40 are AA. What are the allelic frequencies?

The environment changes so that most individuals in a population are not well adapted to the environment. This is an example of

A correlated response to selection occurs when selection

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Why is mating in humans always effectively random even if individuals were to intentionally pick mates based on the absence of important genetic diseases?

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

How is continuous variation consistent with Mendelian inheritance?

Behaviors are more likely to be canalized if

Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following is true of evolutionary change in a phenotype?

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

Mutation can maintain variation because

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

The genotype frequency for an allele, measured in terms of hypothetical gametes, is

Which of the following statements about correlated characters is true?

The phenotypic frequencies of a character sometimes form a smooth, bell-shaped curve because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 3: The Modern Synthesis

The modern synthesis refers to

What are the genotypic frequencies of the following population: 60 AA, 120 Aa, and 20 aa individuals?

Imagine a population where 20 individuals are aa, 40 are Aa, and 40 are AA. What are the allelic frequencies?

The environment changes so that most individuals in a population are not well adapted to the environment. This is an example of

A correlated response to selection occurs when selection

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Why is mating in humans always effectively random even if individuals were to intentionally pick mates based on the absence of important genetic diseases?

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

How is continuous variation consistent with Mendelian inheritance?

Behaviors are more likely to be canalized if

Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following is true of evolutionary change in a phenotype?

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

Mutation can maintain variation because

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

The genotype frequency for an allele, measured in terms of hypothetical gametes, is

Which of the following statements about correlated characters is true?

The phenotypic frequencies of a character sometimes form a smooth, bell-shaped curve because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters