Question 1

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  the importance of allopatric barriers between species 
B)  the importance of gene flow within species 
C)  the importance of sympatry within species 
D)  the importance of selection pressures 
A)  the importance of allopatric barriers between species 
B)  the importance of gene flow within species 
C)  the importance of sympatry within species 
D)  the importance of selection pressures D

Question 2

Different species of baboons live all over Africa in very diverse habitats. This is an example of ________ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-Darwinian 
B)  parapatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  allopatric 
A)  non-Darwinian 
B)  parapatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  allopatric B

Question 3

Closely related species are similar to each other because they

Accepted Answer

A)  share a recent common ancestor. 
B)  have converged on some functional characteristic, such as flight. 
C)  live in close proximity to one another. 
D)  live in similar environments all over the world. 
A)  share a recent common ancestor. 
B)  have converged on some functional characteristic, such as flight. 
C)  live in close proximity to one another. 
D)  live in similar environments all over the world. A

Question 4

What is microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of new species 
B)  the extinction of a species 
C)  evolutionary change within a species 
D)  the death of individuals 
A)  the formation of new species 
B)  the extinction of a species 
C)  evolutionary change within a species 
D)  the death of individuals

Question 5

Adaptive radiations are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  macroevolution. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  systematics. 
A)  macroevolution. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  systematics.

Question 6

On the Galápagos Islands, natural selection pressures maintain the boundaries between three species even though there is substantial gene flow between them. This example provides evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  neither the biological nor the ecological species concept applies to all situations. 
B)  multiple genes influence beak size. 
C)  these three species should be classified as a single species. 
D)  the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) has the optimal beak size. 
A)  neither the biological nor the ecological species concept applies to all situations. 
B)  multiple genes influence beak size. 
C)  these three species should be classified as a single species. 
D)  the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) has the optimal beak size.

Question 7

The best evidence for a molecular clock that runs at a consistent rate is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  we can't distinguish, genetically, between orangutans and the other great apes. 
B)  gorillas, humans, and chimpanzees are all the same distance, genetically, from orangutans. 
C)  humans evolved much faster than gorillas or chimpanzees. 
D)  humans and gorillas are more closely related to orangutans than are chimps. 
A)  we can't distinguish, genetically, between orangutans and the other great apes. 
B)  gorillas, humans, and chimpanzees are all the same distance, genetically, from orangutans. 
C)  humans evolved much faster than gorillas or chimpanzees. 
D)  humans and gorillas are more closely related to orangutans than are chimps.

Question 8

The biological species concept emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift within populations. 
B)  gene flow between populations. 
C)  the importance of mutations. 
D)  that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within a population rarely changes. 
A)  genetic drift within populations. 
B)  gene flow between populations. 
C)  the importance of mutations. 
D)  that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within a population rarely changes.

Question 9

Give a hypothetical example of parapatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

A hypothetical example of parapatric spe

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can occur because of changes in courtship behavior. 
B)  It requires long-term geographical separation. 
C)  It is enhanced by high rates of gene flow. 
D)  It only occurs on islands. 
A)  It can occur because of changes in courtship behavior. 
B)  It requires long-term geographical separation. 
C)  It is enhanced by high rates of gene flow. 
D)  It only occurs on islands.

Question 11

Why are hybrids rare in the case of sympatric evolution and character displacement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hybrids scare the nonhybrids because of their uncanny appearance, and therefore rarely mate. 
B)  Hybrids usually move out of the region and thereafter undergo allopatric, not sympatric, evolution. 
C)  Sympatrically evolving species can't mate with each other and therefore can't produce hybrids. 
D)  Hybrids may have reduced ability to produce offspring and may be less able to compete with nonhybrids for food or other resources. 
A)  Hybrids scare the nonhybrids because of their uncanny appearance, and therefore rarely mate. 
B)  Hybrids usually move out of the region and thereafter undergo allopatric, not sympatric, evolution. 
C)  Sympatrically evolving species can't mate with each other and therefore can't produce hybrids. 
D)  Hybrids may have reduced ability to produce offspring and may be less able to compete with nonhybrids for food or other resources.

Question 12

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biologists argue over how to incorporate behavior into species' definitions. 
B)  New species usually emerge too quickly to be observed by biologists. 
C)  Biologists are not in full agreement on the processes that give rise to new species. 
D)  Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to determine species' statuses. 
A)  Biologists argue over how to incorporate behavior into species' definitions. 
B)  New species usually emerge too quickly to be observed by biologists. 
C)  Biologists are not in full agreement on the processes that give rise to new species. 
D)  Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to determine species' statuses.

Question 13

Homologous characters are similar because of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar environments in different parts of the world. 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar environments in different parts of the world.

Question 14

The term genetic distance refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  geographical distance between two genetically similar populations. 
B)  geographical distance between two genetically distinct populations. 
C)  distance an organism must go to find a mate that is genetically distinct from itself. 
D)  computed dissimilarity between two homologous genetic sequences. 
A)  geographical distance between two genetically similar populations. 
B)  geographical distance between two genetically distinct populations. 
C)  distance an organism must go to find a mate that is genetically distinct from itself. 
D)  computed dissimilarity between two homologous genetic sequences.

Question 15

In order to conduct a meaningful comparative analysis, a researcher must

Accepted Answer

A)  not take phylogeny into account. 
B)  only compare behavioral features. 
C)  only use independently evolved features. 
D)  compare absolutely everything about two taxa. 
A)  not take phylogeny into account. 
B)  only compare behavioral features. 
C)  only use independently evolved features. 
D)  compare absolutely everything about two taxa.

Question 16

Analogous characters are similar because of

Accepted Answer

A)  similar DNA. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar mutations. 
A)  similar DNA. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar mutations.

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly describes a hybrid zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides evidence for allopatric speciation. 
B)  It sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside of hybrid zones. 
C)  It sometimes contains adaptive radiations. 
D)  It provides evidence for the ecological species concept. 
A)  It provides evidence for allopatric speciation. 
B)  It sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside of hybrid zones. 
C)  It sometimes contains adaptive radiations. 
D)  It provides evidence for the ecological species concept.

Question 18

How does speciation occur? After a speciation event, by what mechanisms do new species remain distinct?

Accepted Answer

Speciation occurs when new branches are

Question 19

Which of the following is true of proponents of the molecular-clock hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They believe that most changes in DNA sequences produce clocklike change because they are controlled by drift and mutation. 
B)  They think the molecular clock is a result of natural selection. 
C)  They believe an organism's ability to track time is genetically encoded. 
D)  They use only derived traits in their analysis. 
A)  They believe that most changes in DNA sequences produce clocklike change because they are controlled by drift and mutation. 
B)  They think the molecular clock is a result of natural selection. 
C)  They believe an organism's ability to track time is genetically encoded. 
D)  They use only derived traits in their analysis.

Question 20

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Accepted Answer

Genetic distance is a measure of overall

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Different species of baboons live all over Africa in very diverse habitats. This is an example of ________ speciation.

Closely related species are similar to each other because they

What is microevolution?

Adaptive radiations are associated with

On the Galápagos Islands, natural selection pressures maintain the boundaries between three species even though there is substantial gene flow between them. This example provides evidence that

The best evidence for a molecular clock that runs at a consistent rate is the fact that

The biological species concept emphasizes

Give a hypothetical example of parapatric speciation.

Which of the following statements is true of reproductive isolation?

Why are hybrids rare in the case of sympatric evolution and character displacement?

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Homologous characters are similar because of

The term genetic distance refers to the

In order to conduct a meaningful comparative analysis, a researcher must

Analogous characters are similar because of

Which of the following statements correctly describes a hybrid zone?

How does speciation occur? After a speciation event, by what mechanisms do new species remain distinct?

Which of the following is true of proponents of the molecular-clock hypothesis?

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Different species of baboons live all over Africa in very diverse habitats. This is an example of ________ speciation.

Closely related species are similar to each other because they

What is microevolution?

Adaptive radiations are associated with

On the Galápagos Islands, natural selection pressures maintain the boundaries between three species even though there is substantial gene flow between them. This example provides evidence that

The best evidence for a molecular clock that runs at a consistent rate is the fact that

The biological species concept emphasizes

Give a hypothetical example of parapatric speciation.

Which of the following statements is true of reproductive isolation?

Why are hybrids rare in the case of sympatric evolution and character displacement?

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Homologous characters are similar because of

The term genetic distance refers to the

In order to conduct a meaningful comparative analysis, a researcher must

Analogous characters are similar because of

Which of the following statements correctly describes a hybrid zone?

How does speciation occur? After a speciation event, by what mechanisms do new species remain distinct?

Which of the following is true of proponents of the molecular-clock hypothesis?

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters