Exam 12: Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about the representativeness heuristic?

Anna Smith is a clinical psychologist. She just heard about someone who had a bad reaction to a medication. She knows that this medication has worked well with many of her clients who have experienced depression during the last few months. With respect to decision-making heuristics, she should be concerned that her future decisions about this medication might be influenced by

The research on the framing effect suggests that

Suppose that a doctor decides that a patient has a cold, rather than a much rarer disease, Disease X. She decides the disease is a cold, even though one symptom is fairly typical of Disease X and fairly atypical of a cold. This doctor is

According to the discussion of the confirmation bias in deductive reasoning,

Suppose that you are watching television just after a Congressional election, and your favorite candidate has won-although the election was close. You say to a friend, "Well, I was really quite confident that he would win." This might be an example of

How could the illusory correlation effect produce a stereotype?

According to the social cognition approach to stereotypes, we form stereotypes primarily

Suppose that a politician is drafting her position paper on the educational situation in her district. She is trying to decide whether she should say, "If we adopt Plan A, we estimate that 10% of our students will drop out of high school before graduating." Alternately, she might say, "If we adopt Plan A, we estimate that 90% of our students will graduate from high school." She would probably find that her audience responds differently to these two versions of her talk, because of

Which of the following statements about factors affecting conditional reasoning is correct?

A family has three children, all of whom are boys. Everyone predicts that their next child will be a girl. Which heuristic does this demonstrate?

According to the research on the reasons for overconfidence,

Schwartz and his colleagues examined the relationship between decision-making style and measures of depression. Their results showed that people with a maximizing decision-making style

According to the discussion of the representativeness heuristic in Chapter 12, people often commit the small-sample fallacy in social situations. An example of this point is that

Which of the following students has the best explanation for illusory correlations?

Suppose that you are trying to decide whether to buy tomatoes or cucumbers in a grocery store. You think about the wide variety of recipes that use tomatoes, compared with only a few recipes that use cucumbers. You are using

Imagine that your professor is discussing the prevalence of psychological disorders in the general population, and he says, "A study conducted in 2012 estimated that about 11% of the population has a psychological disorder at any one time." If you were to estimate a confidence interval, based on this number-11%-you would be most likely

Suppose that a quiz show host asks a contestant which city in France has the greater population, Paris or Nantes. The contestant immediately responds, "Paris." According to the discussion of decision making,

Jeff is concerned that the framing effect may be influencing his decision to study abroad next semester. According to Chapter 12, an effective way to correct for the framing effect is to

The research on logical reasoning shows that the confirmation bias is especially likely to operate when the participants