Question 1

Which of the following students provides the best information related to the concept called common ground?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raoul: "Common ground occurs when you want to show that you know more about a topic than other people in your group." 
B)  Cyd: "Common ground happens when one or more speakers make an ambiguous statement." 
C)  Ruth: "For people to achieve common ground, the speakers need to clarify misunderstandings." 
D)  Sam: "Common ground is relatively easy to establish, as long as people speak the same language." 
A)  Raoul: "Common ground occurs when you want to show that you know more about a topic than other people in your group." 
B)  Cyd: "Common ground happens when one or more speakers make an ambiguous statement." 
C)  Ruth: "For people to achieve common ground, the speakers need to clarify misunderstandings." 
D)  Sam: "Common ground is relatively easy to establish, as long as people speak the same language."

Question 2

Which of the following students' statement is the best summary of the research on bilingualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nils: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in their syntax, but not in their basic understanding of language." 
B)  Joe: "Bilinguals have advantages over monolinguals in many areas, such as metalinguistics and performance on cognitive tasks; they have slight disadvantages in a few areas." 
C)  Jorge: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in terms of social skills concerned with language; however, when we look at proficiency in their first language, monolinguals have a better command of syntax." 
D)  Tanya: "So far, no major differences between monolinguals and bilinguals have been detected." 
A)  Nils: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in their syntax, but not in their basic understanding of language." 
B)  Joe: "Bilinguals have advantages over monolinguals in many areas, such as metalinguistics and performance on cognitive tasks; they have slight disadvantages in a few areas." 
C)  Jorge: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in terms of social skills concerned with language; however, when we look at proficiency in their first language, monolinguals have a better command of syntax." 
D)  Tanya: "So far, no major differences between monolinguals and bilinguals have been detected."

Question 3

Chapter 10 discussed a study by Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs in which two people try to communicate about the order in which various geometric figures are to be arranged. The research showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  people could not accomplish this task unless they were close friends. 
B)  people soon developed a shorthand communication system. 
C)  people typically increased their hand gestures at the same time that they decreased their verbal output. 
D)  people seem to remain fairly stable across trials in terms of the number of turns required to agree upon a figure. 
A)  people could not accomplish this task unless they were close friends. 
B)  people soon developed a shorthand communication system. 
C)  people typically increased their hand gestures at the same time that they decreased their verbal output. 
D)  people seem to remain fairly stable across trials in terms of the number of turns required to agree upon a figure.

Question 4

What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production?

Accepted Answer

A)  People frequently make errors that include phoneme combinations rarely found in English. 
B)  For most speakers, their language production is only about 45% accurate. 
C)  Speech production is far more accurate than language comprehension. 
D)  Even high-status speakers may produce a large number of speech errors. 
A)  People frequently make errors that include phoneme combinations rarely found in English. 
B)  For most speakers, their language production is only about 45% accurate. 
C)  Speech production is far more accurate than language comprehension. 
D)  Even high-status speakers may produce a large number of speech errors.

Question 5

Researchers have compared people's spoken language with their written language. When people speak, they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to use complex syntax. 
B)  more likely to refer to themselves. 
C)  less likely to create common ground. 
D)  less likely to use high-frequency words. 
A)  more likely to use complex syntax. 
B)  more likely to refer to themselves. 
C)  less likely to create common ground. 
D)  less likely to use high-frequency words.

Question 6

A narrative usually concludes with

Accepted Answer

A)  a brief overview of the story. 
B)  a summary of the characters and setting. 
C)  the point of the story. 
D)  a signal that the narrative is complete. 
A)  a brief overview of the story. 
B)  a summary of the characters and setting. 
C)  the point of the story. 
D)  a signal that the narrative is complete.

Question 7

Knowledge of the social rules of language is called

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  semantics. 
A)  syntax. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  semantics.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about language production is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Roughly the same amount of research has been conducted on language comprehension and language production. 
B)  It is easier to conduct research on language comprehension than on language production. 
C)  During the past decade, psychologists have grown even less interested in language production than in previous years. 
D)  There is much more research on written language production than on spoken language production. 
A)  Roughly the same amount of research has been conducted on language comprehension and language production. 
B)  It is easier to conduct research on language comprehension than on language production. 
C)  During the past decade, psychologists have grown even less interested in language production than in previous years. 
D)  There is much more research on written language production than on spoken language production.

Question 9

Suppose that you are telling a story. According to the research on narratives,

Accepted Answer

A)  you are likely to interrupt your story several times to ask your listeners whether they have had similar experiences. 
B)  you are not likely to preplan the organization of the narrative before you speak. 
C)  the organization of this kind of discourse generally has a fairly clear structure. 
D)  people typically begin a narrative by emphasizing the point of the narrative. 
A)  you are likely to interrupt your story several times to ask your listeners whether they have had similar experiences. 
B)  you are not likely to preplan the organization of the narrative before you speak. 
C)  the organization of this kind of discourse generally has a fairly clear structure. 
D)  people typically begin a narrative by emphasizing the point of the narrative.

Question 10

Suppose you are testing children who are monolingual English speakers and children who are fluent in both English and Spanish. Assuming that their other characteristics are similar, you are likely to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  the monolinguals are more polite than the bilinguals. 
B)  the bilinguals are more aware of situations in which a listener might require additional information. 
C)  the monolinguals are better at following your instructions. 
D)  the two groups are similar in their pragmatic and syntactic skills, but not in their metalinguistic skills. 
A)  the monolinguals are more polite than the bilinguals. 
B)  the bilinguals are more aware of situations in which a listener might require additional information. 
C)  the monolinguals are better at following your instructions. 
D)  the two groups are similar in their pragmatic and syntactic skills, but not in their metalinguistic skills.

Question 11

On which of the following tasks is a bilingual child likely to have some difficulty, compared with a monolingual child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding the structure of his or her native language. 
B)  Awareness that names are arbitrarily assigned to concepts. 
C)  Sensitivity to the pragmatics of language conversation. 
D)  Processing language quickly. 
A)  Understanding the structure of his or her native language. 
B)  Awareness that names are arbitrarily assigned to concepts. 
C)  Sensitivity to the pragmatics of language conversation. 
D)  Processing language quickly.

Question 12

According to your text, the U.S. educational system frequently

Accepted Answer

A)  pressures immigrant children to develop their English skills, and it does not emphasize the value of children retaining their first language. 
B)  values children who retain fluency in a first language such as Vietnamese, Portuguese, or Arabic. 
C)  makes great efforts to encourage simultaneous bilingualism. 
D)  believes that a student's attitude toward people who speak a foreign language is much more important than his or her skill in speaking that language. 
A)  pressures immigrant children to develop their English skills, and it does not emphasize the value of children retaining their first language. 
B)  values children who retain fluency in a first language such as Vietnamese, Portuguese, or Arabic. 
C)  makes great efforts to encourage simultaneous bilingualism. 
D)  believes that a student's attitude toward people who speak a foreign language is much more important than his or her skill in speaking that language.

Question 13

According to the introductory discussion of bilingualism,

Accepted Answer

A)  more than half of the people in the world are at least partially bilingual. 
B)  technically, a multilingual is someone who speaks two different languages that have different historical origins. 
C)  a speaker's first language is the language that she or he currently speaks most fluently. 
D)  the majority of the world's bilinguals learned their second language during high school. 
A)  more than half of the people in the world are at least partially bilingual. 
B)  technically, a multilingual is someone who speaks two different languages that have different historical origins. 
C)  a speaker's first language is the language that she or he currently speaks most fluently. 
D)  the majority of the world's bilinguals learned their second language during high school.

Question 14

Chapter 10 pointed out that people who are working on a writing assignment are operating on a "full-time cognitive overload." This phrase suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  people need to write down phrases as soon as they are created, to reduce this overload problem. 
B)  decision making is a central component of writing, so that writers can reject ideas that are not productive. 
C)  it's important to transfer ideas from working memory to long-term memory, prior to writing them down. 
D)  writers typically use all the components of working memory, as well as long-term memory. 
A)  people need to write down phrases as soon as they are created, to reduce this overload problem. 
B)  decision making is a central component of writing, so that writers can reject ideas that are not productive. 
C)  it's important to transfer ideas from working memory to long-term memory, prior to writing them down. 
D)  writers typically use all the components of working memory, as well as long-term memory.

Question 15

Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind of discourse known as a narrative?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tonya: "In a narrative, a speaker talks for a while without interruption, in order to describe a series of events." 
B)  William: "A narrative is the listener's ongoing interpretation of the speaker's utterances." 
C)  Skip: "A narrative is the verbal response that the listener is silently constructing; this narrative will be presented as soon as the speaker's turn has been completed." 
D)  Guillermo: "A narrative is a series of sentences that the speaker develops in order to present a specific logical argument." 
A)  Tonya: "In a narrative, a speaker talks for a while without interruption, in order to describe a series of events." 
B)  William: "A narrative is the listener's ongoing interpretation of the speaker's utterances." 
C)  Skip: "A narrative is the verbal response that the listener is silently constructing; this narrative will be presented as soon as the speaker's turn has been completed." 
D)  Guillermo: "A narrative is a series of sentences that the speaker develops in order to present a specific logical argument."

Question 16

Jason is an infant whose parents speak English at home. When his parents are at work, Jason stays in a family day care home where all the employees speak only Spanish. Jason is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  multilingualism. 
B)  a confirmation of the critical period hypothesis. 
C)  sequential bilingualism. 
D)  simultaneous bilingualism. 
A)  multilingualism. 
B)  a confirmation of the critical period hypothesis. 
C)  sequential bilingualism. 
D)  simultaneous bilingualism.

Question 17

Melody points to the Student Union while giving directions to a new student. Melody has made a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  deictic gesture. 
B)  iconic gesture. 
C)  beat gesture. 
D)  formal gesture. 
A)  deictic gesture. 
B)  iconic gesture. 
C)  beat gesture. 
D)  formal gesture.

Question 18

One reason that psychologists conduct relatively little research on language production is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to conduct research that is ethically appropriate. 
B)  the research overemphasizes the introspection technique. 
C)  it is difficult to manipulate the relevant independent variables. 
D)  people make numerous mistakes in producing language. 
A)  it is difficult to conduct research that is ethically appropriate. 
B)  the research overemphasizes the introspection technique. 
C)  it is difficult to manipulate the relevant independent variables. 
D)  people make numerous mistakes in producing language.

Question 19

A sentence that asks someone to do something is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  directive. 
B)  heuristic. 
C)  structural ambiguity. 
D)  pragmatic. 
A)  directive. 
B)  heuristic. 
C)  structural ambiguity. 
D)  pragmatic.

Question 20

Some research has been conducted about how students revise their papers during the writing process. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  students are not highly accurate in identifying defective sentences in their papers. 
B)  the revision process takes about 30% of students' time spent on a paper. 
C)  students can proofread their own papers more accurately than the papers of other students. 
D)  students can proofread their own paper more accurately immediately after they have written it; accuracy drops after a delay of one day or more. 
A)  students are not highly accurate in identifying defective sentences in their papers. 
B)  the revision process takes about 30% of students' time spent on a paper. 
C)  students can proofread their own papers more accurately than the papers of other students. 
D)  students can proofread their own paper more accurately immediately after they have written it; accuracy drops after a delay of one day or more.

Which of the following students provides the best information related to the concept called common ground?

Which of the following students' statement is the best summary of the research on bilingualism?

Chapter 10 discussed a study by Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs in which two people try to communicate about the order in which various geometric figures are to be arranged. The research showed that

What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production?

Researchers have compared people's spoken language with their written language. When people speak, they are:

A narrative usually concludes with

Knowledge of the social rules of language is called

Which of the following statements about language production is correct?

Suppose that you are telling a story. According to the research on narratives,

Suppose you are testing children who are monolingual English speakers and children who are fluent in both English and Spanish. Assuming that their other characteristics are similar, you are likely to find that

On which of the following tasks is a bilingual child likely to have some difficulty, compared with a monolingual child?

According to your text, the U.S. educational system frequently

According to the introductory discussion of bilingualism,

Chapter 10 pointed out that people who are working on a writing assignment are operating on a "full-time cognitive overload." This phrase suggests that

Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind of discourse known as a narrative?

Jason is an infant whose parents speak English at home. When his parents are at work, Jason stays in a family day care home where all the employees speak only Spanish. Jason is experiencing

Melody points to the Student Union while giving directions to a new student. Melody has made a(n)

One reason that psychologists conduct relatively little research on language production is that

A sentence that asks someone to do something is called a

Some research has been conducted about how students revise their papers during the writing process. According to this research,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 10: Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Which of the following students provides the best information related to the concept called common ground?

Which of the following students' statement is the best summary of the research on bilingualism?

Chapter 10 discussed a study by Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs in which two people try to communicate about the order in which various geometric figures are to be arranged. The research showed that

What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production?

Researchers have compared people's spoken language with their written language. When people speak, they are:

A narrative usually concludes with

Knowledge of the social rules of language is called

Which of the following statements about language production is correct?

Suppose that you are telling a story. According to the research on narratives,

Suppose you are testing children who are monolingual English speakers and children who are fluent in both English and Spanish. Assuming that their other characteristics are similar, you are likely to find that

On which of the following tasks is a bilingual child likely to have some difficulty, compared with a monolingual child?

According to your text, the U.S. educational system frequently

According to the introductory discussion of bilingualism,

Chapter 10 pointed out that people who are working on a writing assignment are operating on a "full-time cognitive overload." This phrase suggests that

Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind of discourse known as a narrative?

Jason is an infant whose parents speak English at home. When his parents are at work, Jason stays in a family day care home where all the employees speak only Spanish. Jason is experiencing

Melody points to the Student Union while giving directions to a new student. Melody has made a(n)

One reason that psychologists conduct relatively little research on language production is that

A sentence that asks someone to do something is called a

Some research has been conducted about how students revise their papers during the writing process. According to this research,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters