Question 1

According to the research about the writing process,

Accepted Answer

A)  writing is produced by directly accessing semantic memory. 
B)  the components of working memory are all active during writing. 
C)  writing requires the extensive use of default assumptions and graceful degradation during parallel distributed processing. 
D)  writing is essentially the same as speaking, except for the motor movements required to produce language. 
A)  writing is produced by directly accessing semantic memory. 
B)  the components of working memory are all active during writing. 
C)  writing requires the extensive use of default assumptions and graceful degradation during parallel distributed processing. 
D)  writing is essentially the same as speaking, except for the motor movements required to produce language.

Question 2

The term discourse refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a sentence in which the speaker has made a speech error, and the listener fails to detect this error. 
B)  an interchange between two or more people, in which one person tries to convince the listener or listeners. 
C)  a series of sentences that describes a sequence of events, organized in terms of the date of occurrence. 
D)  language units that are more than a sentence in length. 
A)  a sentence in which the speaker has made a speech error, and the listener fails to detect this error. 
B)  an interchange between two or more people, in which one person tries to convince the listener or listeners. 
C)  a series of sentences that describes a sequence of events, organized in terms of the date of occurrence. 
D)  language units that are more than a sentence in length.

Question 3

Your textbook discusses a 2010 study, with bilingual Arab Israeli students who were enrolled at a university in Israel. The fluently bilingual researcher spoke to students in either Arabic or Hebrew. The results of this study showed that these students:

Accepted Answer

A)  understood the instructions better if they were tested in their first language (Arabic), even though they were supposed to be bilingual. 
B)  understood the instructions better if they were tested in their second language (Hebrew), even though they were supposed to be bilingual. 
C)  had more positive attitudes toward Jewish individuals when the researcher was speaking Hebrew. 
D)  had more positive attitudes toward Jewish individuals when the researcher was speaking Arabic. 
A)  understood the instructions better if they were tested in their first language (Arabic), even though they were supposed to be bilingual. 
B)  understood the instructions better if they were tested in their second language (Hebrew), even though they were supposed to be bilingual. 
C)  had more positive attitudes toward Jewish individuals when the researcher was speaking Hebrew. 
D)  had more positive attitudes toward Jewish individuals when the researcher was speaking Arabic.

Question 4

According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,

Accepted Answer

A)  the most challenging aspect of language production is the motor movements required to produce the various phonemes. 
B)  researchers agree that during language production, we simultaneously retrieve information about three components of language-grammar, meaning, and sound. 
C)  if you try to produce a particular noun, you will often retrieve it more effectively if you make a hand gesture. 
D)  most college-educated North Americans have a speaking vocabulary of about 25,000 words. 
A)  the most challenging aspect of language production is the motor movements required to produce the various phonemes. 
B)  researchers agree that during language production, we simultaneously retrieve information about three components of language-grammar, meaning, and sound. 
C)  if you try to produce a particular noun, you will often retrieve it more effectively if you make a hand gesture. 
D)  most college-educated North Americans have a speaking vocabulary of about 25,000 words.

Question 5

How is the concept of gist relevant when you are planning to speak a sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gist of a sentence automatically solves the linearization problem. 
B)  The gist of a sentence frequently coordinates the prosody of the utterance. 
C)  The gist organizes several interrelated concepts, in order to produce discourse. 
D)  The gist is the overall meaning of a message that we want to convey. 
A)  The gist of a sentence automatically solves the linearization problem. 
B)  The gist of a sentence frequently coordinates the prosody of the utterance. 
C)  The gist organizes several interrelated concepts, in order to produce discourse. 
D)  The gist is the overall meaning of a message that we want to convey.

Question 6

What can we conclude about the relationship between a person's age of acquisition of a second language and his or her mastery of grammar?

Accepted Answer

A)  So far, no research has demonstrated a relationship between these two variables. 
B)  Linguistically skilled individuals tend to master grammar better if they learn a second language during childhood; individuals with below-average skills tend to master grammar better if they learn a second language during adulthood. 
C)  The results clearly support the critical period hypothesis, because people have greater mastery of grammar if they learn a second language during childhood. 
D)  The results are complicated, because the answer depends on the match between the two languages, as well as the amount of education in the second language. 
A)  So far, no research has demonstrated a relationship between these two variables. 
B)  Linguistically skilled individuals tend to master grammar better if they learn a second language during childhood; individuals with below-average skills tend to master grammar better if they learn a second language during adulthood. 
C)  The results clearly support the critical period hypothesis, because people have greater mastery of grammar if they learn a second language during childhood. 
D)  The results are complicated, because the answer depends on the match between the two languages, as well as the amount of education in the second language.

Question 7

Sarah is trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." She has made a

Accepted Answer

A)  linearization error. 
B)  pragmatic error. 
C)  slip-of-the-tongue. 
D)  prosody error. 
A)  linearization error. 
B)  pragmatic error. 
C)  slip-of-the-tongue. 
D)  prosody error.

Question 8

Compared to speaking, writing is more likely

Accepted Answer

A)  to be carefully studied by researchers. 
B)  to be performed in isolation. 
C)  to be an automatic process. 
D)  to establish common ground. 
A)  to be carefully studied by researchers. 
B)  to be performed in isolation. 
C)  to be an automatic process. 
D)  to establish common ground.

Question 9

Suppose that you want to say, "red bugs," and instead you say, "beg rugs." This kind of slip-of-the-tongue error is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  sound error. 
B)  morpheme error. 
C)  word error. 
D)  pragmatic error. 
A)  sound error. 
B)  morpheme error. 
C)  word error. 
D)  pragmatic error.

Question 10

Chapter 10 discussed research by Kellogg and his colleagues, which examined the cognitive components of writing. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop does not appear to be involved during any form of writing. 
B)  the phonological loop is involved when we write a complete sentence, but not when we are writing a short word. 
C)  the visual component of the visuospatial sketchpad is involved when we are writing about concrete nouns. 
D)  the spatial component of the visuospatial sketchpad is involved when we are writing about abstract concepts. 
A)  the phonological loop does not appear to be involved during any form of writing. 
B)  the phonological loop is involved when we write a complete sentence, but not when we are writing a short word. 
C)  the visual component of the visuospatial sketchpad is involved when we are writing about concrete nouns. 
D)  the spatial component of the visuospatial sketchpad is involved when we are writing about abstract concepts.

Question 11

Caroline gestures rhythmically with her hand while rattling off a list of bones in the human body. Caroline is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  deictic gesture. 
B)  iconic gesture. 
C)  beat gesture. 
D)  formal gesture. 
A)  deictic gesture. 
B)  iconic gesture. 
C)  beat gesture. 
D)  formal gesture.

Question 12

In discussing the social aspects of language, psycholinguistics researchers sometimes use a metaphor of two people dancing. Why is this metaphor appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because one person must lead and the other must follow 
B)  Because two people must coordinate their efforts 
C)  Because one person is usually a novice and the other is an expert 
D)  Because each person is trying to impress the other person 
A)  Because one person must lead and the other must follow 
B)  Because two people must coordinate their efforts 
C)  Because one person is usually a novice and the other is an expert 
D)  Because each person is trying to impress the other person

Question 13

The concept of common ground was discussed in connection with the social context of speech. Common ground means that

Accepted Answer

A)  a speaker must coordinate gestures with spoken language. 
B)  the linearization problem should not dominate the social components of speech. 
C)  two speakers must agree to reveal similar amounts of personal information about themselves. 
D)  the speakers share somewhat similar information and experiences. 
A)  a speaker must coordinate gestures with spoken language. 
B)  the linearization problem should not dominate the social components of speech. 
C)  two speakers must agree to reveal similar amounts of personal information about themselves. 
D)  the speakers share somewhat similar information and experiences.

Question 14

Joan is eating lunch, and she says to Brad, "Can you pass the salt?" Brad replies "Yes, I can"; however, he doesn't actually pass the salt. What kind of miscommunication does this brief conversation suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  A slip-of-the-tongue 
B)  A syntactic error 
C)  A pragmatic problem 
D)  The linearization problem 
A)  A slip-of-the-tongue 
B)  A syntactic error 
C)  A pragmatic problem 
D)  The linearization problem

Question 15

According to Dell's theory of speech errors,

Accepted Answer

A)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because each sound can be activated by several different words. 
B)  slip-of-the-tongue tend to involve words from different syntactic categories. 
C)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because people focus too closely on the pragmatics of language. 
D)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because we pay too much attention to word choice. 
A)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because each sound can be activated by several different words. 
B)  slip-of-the-tongue tend to involve words from different syntactic categories. 
C)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because people focus too closely on the pragmatics of language. 
D)  slip-of-the-tongue occur because we pay too much attention to word choice.

Question 16

If you give a friend a fairly lengthy description about how you studied for your last exam, you are producing

Accepted Answer

A)  prosody. 
B)  a directive. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  discourse. 
A)  prosody. 
B)  a directive. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  discourse.

According to the research about the writing process,

The term discourse refers to

Your textbook discusses a 2010 study, with bilingual Arab Israeli students who were enrolled at a university in Israel. The fluently bilingual researcher spoke to students in either Arabic or Hebrew. The results of this study showed that these students:

According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,

How is the concept of gist relevant when you are planning to speak a sentence?

What can we conclude about the relationship between a person's age of acquisition of a second language and his or her mastery of grammar?

Sarah is trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." She has made a

Compared to speaking, writing is more likely

Suppose that you want to say, "red bugs," and instead you say, "beg rugs." This kind of slip-of-the-tongue error is called a

Chapter 10 discussed research by Kellogg and his colleagues, which examined the cognitive components of writing. According to this research,

Caroline gestures rhythmically with her hand while rattling off a list of bones in the human body. Caroline is using a(n)

In discussing the social aspects of language, psycholinguistics researchers sometimes use a metaphor of two people dancing. Why is this metaphor appropriate?

The concept of common ground was discussed in connection with the social context of speech. Common ground means that

Joan is eating lunch, and she says to Brad, "Can you pass the salt?" Brad replies "Yes, I can"; however, he doesn't actually pass the salt. What kind of miscommunication does this brief conversation suggest?

According to Dell's theory of speech errors,

If you give a friend a fairly lengthy description about how you studied for your last exam, you are producing

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

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Exam 10: Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

According to the research about the writing process,

The term discourse refers to

Your textbook discusses a 2010 study, with bilingual Arab Israeli students who were enrolled at a university in Israel. The fluently bilingual researcher spoke to students in either Arabic or Hebrew. The results of this study showed that these students:

According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,

How is the concept of gist relevant when you are planning to speak a sentence?

What can we conclude about the relationship between a person's age of acquisition of a second language and his or her mastery of grammar?

Sarah is trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." She has made a

Compared to speaking, writing is more likely

Suppose that you want to say, "red bugs," and instead you say, "beg rugs." This kind of slip-of-the-tongue error is called a

Chapter 10 discussed research by Kellogg and his colleagues, which examined the cognitive components of writing. According to this research,

Caroline gestures rhythmically with her hand while rattling off a list of bones in the human body. Caroline is using a(n)

In discussing the social aspects of language, psycholinguistics researchers sometimes use a metaphor of two people dancing. Why is this metaphor appropriate?

The concept of common ground was discussed in connection with the social context of speech. Common ground means that

Joan is eating lunch, and she says to Brad, "Can you pass the salt?" Brad replies "Yes, I can"; however, he doesn't actually pass the salt. What kind of miscommunication does this brief conversation suggest?

According to Dell's theory of speech errors,

If you give a friend a fairly lengthy description about how you studied for your last exam, you are producing

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters