Question 1

According to the information-processing approach,

Accepted Answer

A)  we process all information at either a deep or shallow level of processing. 
B)  introspection is the most important research technique; with the proper controls, introspection can be very reliable. 
C)  decision-making is the primary component of all cognitive processes. 
D)  mental processes can be interpreted as a flow of information, somewhat similar to the way a computer operates. 
A)  we process all information at either a deep or shallow level of processing. 
B)  introspection is the most important research technique; with the proper controls, introspection can be very reliable. 
C)  decision-making is the primary component of all cognitive processes. 
D)  mental processes can be interpreted as a flow of information, somewhat similar to the way a computer operates.

Question 2

Some researchers believe that the human brain works like a complex, sophisticated machine. These researchers would favor

Accepted Answer

A)  the Gestalt approach. 
B)  the analogy approach. 
C)  the computer metaphor. 
D)  the lesion approach. 
A)  the Gestalt approach. 
B)  the analogy approach. 
C)  the computer metaphor. 
D)  the lesion approach.

Question 3

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  William James's work on the tip-of-the-tongue effect 
B)  Wilhelm Wundt's introspection approach 
C)  The behaviorists' research with animals 
D)  The gestalt approach to perception 
A)  William James's work on the tip-of-the-tongue effect 
B)  Wilhelm Wundt's introspection approach 
C)  The behaviorists' research with animals 
D)  The gestalt approach to perception

Question 4

A research team is studying which parts of the brain are active when a participant looks at a photograph of a person, and tries to judge how intelligent that person is. This kind of study is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the artificial intelligence approach. 
B)  the information-processing approach. 
C)  social cognitive neuroscience. 
D)  computer simulation 
A)  the artificial intelligence approach. 
B)  the information-processing approach. 
C)  social cognitive neuroscience. 
D)  computer simulation

Question 5

In the introspection technique,

Accepted Answer

A)  people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task. 
B)  people report their daily experiences in an informal, unstructured fashion. 
C)  the experimenter observes how people respond to learning tasks. 
D)  emotional responses are emphasized, rather than a variety of thought processes. 
A)  people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task. 
B)  people report their daily experiences in an informal, unstructured fashion. 
C)  the experimenter observes how people respond to learning tasks. 
D)  emotional responses are emphasized, rather than a variety of thought processes.

Question 6

Which term or phrase is closest in meaning to the term "cognition"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotion 
B)  Mental activity 
C)  Behavior 
D)  Social activity 
A)  Emotion 
B)  Mental activity 
C)  Behavior 
D)  Social activity

Question 7

Suppose that several psychologists want to explore interpersonal interactions during adulthood. Which of the following topics would be most consistent with the cognitive approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  "How do early childhood experiences contribute to the development of love relationships during adulthood?" 
B)  "Can interpersonal attraction be influenced by classical conditioning?" 
C)  "When meeting someone for the first time, what attribute does a person perceive most quickly, gender or ethnicity?" 
D)  "Do people spend less time with depressed individuals, as opposed to nondepressed individuals?" 
A)  "How do early childhood experiences contribute to the development of love relationships during adulthood?" 
B)  "Can interpersonal attraction be influenced by classical conditioning?" 
C)  "When meeting someone for the first time, what attribute does a person perceive most quickly, gender or ethnicity?" 
D)  "Do people spend less time with depressed individuals, as opposed to nondepressed individuals?"

Question 8

According to Chapter 1's introduction to the chapters in your textbook, perceptual processes

Accepted Answer

A)  use previous knowledge in order to interpret the stimuli that are registered by our senses. 
B)  are primarily concerned with concept formation. 
C)  include pattern recognition, but not attention. 
D)  are primarily explained by behaviorist principles. 
A)  use previous knowledge in order to interpret the stimuli that are registered by our senses. 
B)  are primarily concerned with concept formation. 
C)  include pattern recognition, but not attention. 
D)  are primarily explained by behaviorist principles.

Question 9

Which of the following students provides the best summary about the current status of the information-processing approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alena: "The information-processing approach is now more popular than the parallel distributed processing approach, because most cognitive tasks require serial processing." 
B)  Magda: "The information-processing approach has declined in popularity during recent years, because those models are not complex enough to explain many cognitive activities." 
C)  Dave: "The information-processing model is still extremely popular, and it remains at the cutting edge of cognitive psychology." 
D)  Samuel: "The most important model is one in which the information-processing approach has been blended with the gestalt approach, in order to explain higher mental processes." 
A)  Alena: "The information-processing approach is now more popular than the parallel distributed processing approach, because most cognitive tasks require serial processing." 
B)  Magda: "The information-processing approach has declined in popularity during recent years, because those models are not complex enough to explain many cognitive activities." 
C)  Dave: "The information-processing model is still extremely popular, and it remains at the cutting edge of cognitive psychology." 
D)  Samuel: "The most important model is one in which the information-processing approach has been blended with the gestalt approach, in order to explain higher mental processes."

Question 10

Chapter 1 presents some information about the history of cognition. According to this discussion

Accepted Answer

A)  the issue of how humans acquire knowledge was not considered until about 80 years ago. 
B)  the birthday of scientific psychology is usually traced to the first studies of John B. Watson. 
C)  behaviorism is an approach that relies on objective, observable reactions. 
D)  behaviorists have been primarily interested in studying images and thought processes. 
A)  the issue of how humans acquire knowledge was not considered until about 80 years ago. 
B)  the birthday of scientific psychology is usually traced to the first studies of John B. Watson. 
C)  behaviorism is an approach that relies on objective, observable reactions. 
D)  behaviorists have been primarily interested in studying images and thought processes.

Question 11

In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI technique

Accepted Answer

A)  requires an injection of a radioactive chemical. 
B)  provides more precise information when measuring a series of events in the brain. 
C)  is more accurate in determining what a person is thinking, for instance, whether the thoughts are pleasant or unpleasant. 
D)  involves placing electrodes on a person's scalp. 
A)  requires an injection of a radioactive chemical. 
B)  provides more precise information when measuring a series of events in the brain. 
C)  is more accurate in determining what a person is thinking, for instance, whether the thoughts are pleasant or unpleasant. 
D)  involves placing electrodes on a person's scalp.

Question 12

Which of the following movements emphasized the human tendency to actively organize what we see?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Gestalt psychology 
C)  Empiricism 
D)  Clinical psychology 
A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Gestalt psychology 
C)  Empiricism 
D)  Clinical psychology

Question 13

Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observations of social interactions between people with depression. 
B)  The effects of vitamin supplements on the activity level of people with depression. 
C)  The ability of depressed individuals to recall people's names. 
D)  The relationship between childhood experiences and current adjustment in people with depression. 
A)  Observations of social interactions between people with depression. 
B)  The effects of vitamin supplements on the activity level of people with depression. 
C)  The ability of depressed individuals to recall people's names. 
D)  The relationship between childhood experiences and current adjustment in people with depression.

Question 14

Imagine that you are attending a lecture by a guest speaker who describes a theory and then says, "Let's now look at the empirical evidence." Which of the following would most likely be the speaker's next sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Other psychologists have objected to my approach on the following theoretical grounds." 
B)  "We conducted an experiment to test this hypothesis." 
C)  "The theorists who belonged to the empirical school rejected the behaviorist tradition, for the following reasons." 
D)  "By combining both the cognitive approach and the psychodynamic approach, we can devise a new theoretical approach to the problem." 
A)  "Other psychologists have objected to my approach on the following theoretical grounds." 
B)  "We conducted an experiment to test this hypothesis." 
C)  "The theorists who belonged to the empirical school rejected the behaviorist tradition, for the following reasons." 
D)  "By combining both the cognitive approach and the psychodynamic approach, we can devise a new theoretical approach to the problem."

Question 15

How does the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique (fMRI) compare with other imaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires more processing time than PET scans, so it is more widely available. 
B)  It is more effective than the PET scan in measuring brain activity that occurs rapidly. 
C)  It does not provide precise information about the timing of various brain activities. 
D)  It produces images that are roughly comparable to the ERP technique. 
A)  It requires more processing time than PET scans, so it is more widely available. 
B)  It is more effective than the PET scan in measuring brain activity that occurs rapidly. 
C)  It does not provide precise information about the timing of various brain activities. 
D)  It produces images that are roughly comparable to the ERP technique.

Question 16

Chris just telephoned Roberta and listed eight items that they need for the afternoon picnic. Roberta didn't have a pencil, so she couldn't write them down. However, she remembers the last three items very well because of

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  an event-related potential. 
D)  the recency effect. 
A)  object permanence. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  an event-related potential. 
D)  the recency effect.

Question 17

Which of the following interests is shared by researchers within the discipline of cognitive science?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal representations of the world 
B)  Individual differences 
C)  The relationship between emotions and thought 
D)  An emphasis on problem solving 
A)  Internal representations of the world 
B)  Individual differences 
C)  The relationship between emotions and thought 
D)  An emphasis on problem solving

Question 18

One of the characteristics of the human brain that is especially important in the connectionist approach is that the brain

Accepted Answer

A)  is divided into several distinct lobes. 
B)  has two hemispheres that are somewhat similar to each other. 
C)  has networks that link together many neuron-like units. 
D)  has a very specific location in which it performs each cognitive activity. 
A)  is divided into several distinct lobes. 
B)  has two hemispheres that are somewhat similar to each other. 
C)  has networks that link together many neuron-like units. 
D)  has a very specific location in which it performs each cognitive activity.

Question 19

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily emphasizes our unconscious thoughts. 
B)  can explain a major part of your daily experiences. 
C)  is prominent within social psychology, but it has not yet been applied to biological areas of psychology. 
D)  has had surprisingly little connection with clinical psychology. 
A)  primarily emphasizes our unconscious thoughts. 
B)  can explain a major part of your daily experiences. 
C)  is prominent within social psychology, but it has not yet been applied to biological areas of psychology. 
D)  has had surprisingly little connection with clinical psychology.

Question 20

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prinsetta: "PET scans record fluctuations in the brain activity that are completed within a fraction of a second." 
B)  Lisa: "Unfortunately, the PET scan can only be used for someone who has a brain lesion." 
C)  Jeff: "A PET scan is basically a very fast version of the event-related potential." 
D)  Jamie: "The PET scan creates an image based on a chemical that travels through the bloodstream." 
A)  Prinsetta: "PET scans record fluctuations in the brain activity that are completed within a fraction of a second." 
B)  Lisa: "Unfortunately, the PET scan can only be used for someone who has a brain lesion." 
C)  Jeff: "A PET scan is basically a very fast version of the event-related potential." 
D)  Jamie: "The PET scan creates an image based on a chemical that travels through the bloodstream."

According to the information-processing approach,

Some researchers believe that the human brain works like a complex, sophisticated machine. These researchers would favor

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

A research team is studying which parts of the brain are active when a participant looks at a photograph of a person, and tries to judge how intelligent that person is. This kind of study is an example of

In the introspection technique,

Which term or phrase is closest in meaning to the term "cognition"?

Suppose that several psychologists want to explore interpersonal interactions during adulthood. Which of the following topics would be most consistent with the cognitive approach?

According to Chapter 1's introduction to the chapters in your textbook, perceptual processes

Which of the following students provides the best summary about the current status of the information-processing approach?

Chapter 1 presents some information about the history of cognition. According to this discussion

In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI technique

Which of the following movements emphasized the human tendency to actively organize what we see?

Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper?

Imagine that you are attending a lecture by a guest speaker who describes a theory and then says, "Let's now look at the empirical evidence." Which of the following would most likely be the speaker's next sentence?

How does the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique (fMRI) compare with other imaging techniques?

Chris just telephoned Roberta and listed eight items that they need for the afternoon picnic. Roberta didn't have a pencil, so she couldn't write them down. However, she remembers the last three items very well because of

Which of the following interests is shared by researchers within the discipline of cognitive science?

One of the characteristics of the human brain that is especially important in the connectionist approach is that the brain

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

According to the information-processing approach,

Some researchers believe that the human brain works like a complex, sophisticated machine. These researchers would favor

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

A research team is studying which parts of the brain are active when a participant looks at a photograph of a person, and tries to judge how intelligent that person is. This kind of study is an example of

In the introspection technique,

Which term or phrase is closest in meaning to the term "cognition"?

Suppose that several psychologists want to explore interpersonal interactions during adulthood. Which of the following topics would be most consistent with the cognitive approach?

According to Chapter 1's introduction to the chapters in your textbook, perceptual processes

Which of the following students provides the best summary about the current status of the information-processing approach?

Chapter 1 presents some information about the history of cognition. According to this discussion

In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI technique

Which of the following movements emphasized the human tendency to actively organize what we see?

Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper?

Imagine that you are attending a lecture by a guest speaker who describes a theory and then says, "Let's now look at the empirical evidence." Which of the following would most likely be the speaker's next sentence?

How does the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique (fMRI) compare with other imaging techniques?

Chris just telephoned Roberta and listed eight items that they need for the afternoon picnic. Roberta didn't have a pencil, so she couldn't write them down. However, she remembers the last three items very well because of

Which of the following interests is shared by researchers within the discipline of cognitive science?

One of the characteristics of the human brain that is especially important in the connectionist approach is that the brain

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters