Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

If a pigeon is allowed to peck at the switch in order to receive food whenever it chooses, this is an example of which type of paradigm?

Which statement demonstrates the use of a token economy to encourage good behavior in school children?

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

Children may misbehave in order to get the attention that is associated with being punished. In this example, the attention serves as _____ for misbehavior.

Suppose one's roommate has gotten into the bad habit of talking whenever the roommate is trying to study. The roommate decides to ignore this habit. This is an example of:

If an individual is restricted from performing a specific behavior, in an attempt to make an opportunity to perform this behavior more enticing, the use of the restricted behavior as a reinforcer is known as:

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Which is an example of a primary reinforcer?

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box, the stimulus (S) was _____ and the response (R) was _____.

If a little boy can hear his mother moving around in the kitchen downstairs in the morning, he can be fairly certain that it is time to get up and have his breakfast. The discriminative stimulus in this example is the:

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Discuss the evidence suggesting that dopamine is involved in reinforcement.

Carlita used to get nervous whenever she has to travel by airplane. Recently, her friend taught Carlita some deep-breathing techniques to help her relax. Carlita tried them out and felt much better when she next flew. Now, she always does deep breathing exercises before she flies. Is this an example of classical or operant conditioning? Explain.

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the striatum?

According to the Premack principle, if a teenager would rather go shopping than clean her room:

A person has been working for 2 years and was told that he would receive a $2.00 raise and only received 25 cents. The _____ is responsible for reducing the motivation in this time of situation.

Suppose a child whines continuously until his parents give him a cookie. The cookie would be _____ of the child's behavior of whining.

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Give an example of a secondary reinforcer, and explain how it might be related to a primary reinforcer.

Normally, Francis's children must go to bed at 8 p.m. But when grandma visits, the children are allowed to stay up late if they ask. Identify the stimulus, response, and outcome in this scenario.