Question 1

Which item is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  food 
C)  sleep 
D)  sex 
A)  money 
B)  food 
C)  sleep 
D)  sex

Question 2

Malcolm's 2-year-old daughter throws a tantrum when she doesn't get what she wants. Malcolm has decided to ignore his daughter whenever she has a tantrum. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  distancing. 
C)  reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D)  delayed reinforcement. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  distancing. 
C)  reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D)  delayed reinforcement.

Question 3

Research on addiction to romantic love has shown that:

Accepted Answer

A)  romantic love is essentially just a drive to obtain sex. 
B)  this kind of addiction is very clearly a pathological addiction. 
C)  most people experience clinical depression after romantic rejection. 
D)  viewing pictures of a romantic partner can activate reward centers in the brain. 
A)  romantic love is essentially just a drive to obtain sex. 
B)  this kind of addiction is very clearly a pathological addiction. 
C)  most people experience clinical depression after romantic rejection. 
D)  viewing pictures of a romantic partner can activate reward centers in the brain.

Question 4

The study of how organisms allocate their time and resources among possible options is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the matching law. 
B)  behavioral economics. 
C)  chaining. 
D)  shaping. 
A)  the matching law. 
B)  behavioral economics. 
C)  chaining. 
D)  shaping.

Question 5

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement; punishment 
B)  punishment; reinforcement 
C)  reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior; training individual components of a complex response 
D)  training individual components of a complex response; reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior 
A)  reinforcement; punishment 
B)  punishment; reinforcement 
C)  reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior; training individual components of a complex response 
D)  training individual components of a complex response; reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior

Question 6

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Positive reinforcement

Question 7

Which statement demonstrates operant rather than classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A car salesperson receives a bonus for doing a good job at work. Afterwards, she continues to work hard at selling cars. 
B)  A toddler squeals and curls up in a ball when his mother moves her fingers as if she is going to tickle him. 
C)  A diner begins salivating as soon as he sees the waiter bringing dessert to the table. 
D)  Hearing the music of an ice cream truck causes children to get excited. 
A)  A car salesperson receives a bonus for doing a good job at work. Afterwards, she continues to work hard at selling cars. 
B)  A toddler squeals and curls up in a ball when his mother moves her fingers as if she is going to tickle him. 
C)  A diner begins salivating as soon as he sees the waiter bringing dessert to the table. 
D)  Hearing the music of an ice cream truck causes children to get excited.

Question 8

Suppose a mayor who wants to use punishment to decrease crime in the city. Based on the textbook's discussion, how can the mayor make sure the punishment is as effective as possible?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: (1) Discriminative sti

Question 9

In behavioral economics, the _____ refers to the distribution of resources that maximizes the individual's subjective value or satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral economic 
B)  economical distribution 
C)  bliss point 
D)  economical dispersal 
A)  behavioral economic 
B)  economical distribution 
C)  bliss point 
D)  economical dispersal

Question 10

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  video games 
B)  cocaine 
C)  both video games and cocaine 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  video games 
B)  cocaine 
C)  both video games and cocaine 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only primary reinforcers trigger dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta. 
B)  Animals will continue to work for electrical brain stimulation if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
C)  Dopamine seems to be involved in liking, rather than wanting, a reinforcer. 
D)  A trained animal will reduce its response rate if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
A)  Only primary reinforcers trigger dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta. 
B)  Animals will continue to work for electrical brain stimulation if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
C)  Dopamine seems to be involved in liking, rather than wanting, a reinforcer. 
D)  A trained animal will reduce its response rate if dopamine transmission is blocked.

Question 12

_____ expresses that, if an organism has the option to perform, highly frequent behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Response deprivation 
B)  Preference response 
C)  The matching law of choice 
D)  The Premack principle 
A)  Response deprivation 
B)  Preference response 
C)  The matching law of choice 
D)  The Premack principle

Question 13

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 14

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  S-R 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-O 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  S-R 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-O 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning. Which punishment is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

Accepted Answer

A)  making Timmy stay after school 
B)  making Timmy sit in the corner 
C)  taking Timmy aside at lunchtime and asking him to stop misbehaving 
D)  giving Timmy a warning, and making the punishment more severe if he misbehaves again 
A)  making Timmy stay after school 
B)  making Timmy sit in the corner 
C)  taking Timmy aside at lunchtime and asking him to stop misbehaving 
D)  giving Timmy a warning, and making the punishment more severe if he misbehaves again

Question 16

A _____ is a device that records total number of behavioral responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus reactor 
B)  Skinner box 
C)  cumulative recorder 
D)  graphical log 
A)  stimulus reactor 
B)  Skinner box 
C)  cumulative recorder 
D)  graphical log

Question 17

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 18

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B)  the identity of an expected outcome. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  S-R associations. 
A)  whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B)  the identity of an expected outcome. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  S-R associations.

Question 19

Suppose a person is trying to save for a new television, but his friends are pressuring him to go out with them tonight to the new club in town. He is MOST likely to stay home and save his money if he:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a teenager. 
B)  has arranged for his paycheck to be automatically deposited into a savings account. 
C)  knows it will be a long time before he has enough money to buy the television. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is a teenager. 
B)  has arranged for his paycheck to be automatically deposited into a savings account. 
C)  knows it will be a long time before he has enough money to buy the television. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

In the brain, what are the naturally occurring substances that have effects similar to those of opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine?

Accepted Answer

A)  opiates 
B)  amphetamines 
C)  dopamine 
D)  endogenous opioids 
A)  opiates 
B)  amphetamines 
C)  dopamine 
D)  endogenous opioids

Which item is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Malcolm's 2-year-old daughter throws a tantrum when she doesn't get what she wants. Malcolm has decided to ignore his daughter whenever she has a tantrum. This is an example of:

Research on addiction to romantic love has shown that:

The study of how organisms allocate their time and resources among possible options is known as:

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Which statement demonstrates operant rather than classical conditioning?

Suppose a mayor who wants to use punishment to decrease crime in the city. Based on the textbook's discussion, how can the mayor make sure the punishment is as effective as possible?

In behavioral economics, the _____ refers to the distribution of resources that maximizes the individual's subjective value or satisfaction.

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Which statement is TRUE?

_____ expresses that, if an organism has the option to perform, highly frequent behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior.

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning. Which punishment is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

A _____ is a device that records total number of behavioral responses.

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Suppose a person is trying to save for a new television, but his friends are pressuring him to go out with them tonight to the new club in town. He is MOST likely to stay home and save his money if he:

In the brain, what are the naturally occurring substances that have effects similar to those of opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Which item is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Malcolm's 2-year-old daughter throws a tantrum when she doesn't get what she wants. Malcolm has decided to ignore his daughter whenever she has a tantrum. This is an example of:

Research on addiction to romantic love has shown that:

The study of how organisms allocate their time and resources among possible options is known as:

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Which statement demonstrates operant rather than classical conditioning?

Suppose a mayor who wants to use punishment to decrease crime in the city. Based on the textbook's discussion, how can the mayor make sure the punishment is as effective as possible?

In behavioral economics, the _____ refers to the distribution of resources that maximizes the individual's subjective value or satisfaction.

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Which statement is TRUE?

_____ expresses that, if an organism has the option to perform, highly frequent behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior.

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning. Which punishment is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

A _____ is a device that records total number of behavioral responses.

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Suppose a person is trying to save for a new television, but his friends are pressuring him to go out with them tonight to the new club in town. He is MOST likely to stay home and save his money if he:

In the brain, what are the naturally occurring substances that have effects similar to those of opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.