Question 1

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

A)  chaining. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  response deprivation. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  chaining. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  response deprivation. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 2

In which example would one MOST likely see a steady rate of responding without any noticeable pauses?

Accepted Answer

A)  A charitable organization receives a donation for every 10 phone calls it makes on average. 
B)  A teenager receives an allowance every Saturday. 
C)  A college student gets a call from home every Friday morning. 
D)  A blueberry picker receives $1 each time he fills three boxes. 
A)  A charitable organization receives a donation for every 10 phone calls it makes on average. 
B)  A teenager receives an allowance every Saturday. 
C)  A college student gets a call from home every Friday morning. 
D)  A blueberry picker receives $1 each time he fills three boxes.

Question 3

Hedonic value refers to _____, while motivational value refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  how much one wants a reinforcer; how much one likes a reinforcer 
B)  how much one likes a reinforcer; how much one wants a reinforcer 
C)  the strength of a reinforcer; the salience of a stimulus 
D)  the salience of a stimulus; the strength of a reinforcer 
A)  how much one wants a reinforcer; how much one likes a reinforcer 
B)  how much one likes a reinforcer; how much one wants a reinforcer 
C)  the strength of a reinforcer; the salience of a stimulus 
D)  the salience of a stimulus; the strength of a reinforcer

Question 4

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
B)  decreasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
C)  increasing the levels of dopamine. 
D)  decreasing the levels of dopamine. 
A)  increasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
B)  decreasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
C)  increasing the levels of dopamine. 
D)  decreasing the levels of dopamine.

Question 5

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 6

The matching law of choice behavior states that, given two responses that are reinforced on different VI schedules, an organism will:

Accepted Answer

A)  give only the response that provides the better rate of reinforcement. 
B) respond in order to approximately match the relative rate of reinforcement for each response. 
C) 
Give both responses at roughly equal rates. 
D) 
Become confused and stop responding altogether. 
A)  give only the response that provides the better rate of reinforcement. 
B) respond in order to approximately match the relative rate of reinforcement for each response. 
C) 
Give both responses at roughly equal rates. 
D) 
Become confused and stop responding altogether.

Question 7

Skinner's method of studying learning is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete-trial paradigm. 
B)  behavioral economics method. 
C)  drive-reduction paradigm. 
D)  free-operant paradigm. 
A)  discrete-trial paradigm. 
B)  behavioral economics method. 
C)  drive-reduction paradigm. 
D)  free-operant paradigm.

Question 8

What part of the brain is responsible for making an individual feel bad for not being picked to play in the basketball game?

Accepted Answer

A)  the insular cortex 
B)  the frontal cortex 
C)  the dACC 
D)  the orbitofrontal cortex 
A)  the insular cortex 
B)  the frontal cortex 
C)  the dACC 
D)  the orbitofrontal cortex

Question 9

Which part of the brain seems to be especially important for maintaining habitual or automatic S-R associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  the dorsal striatum 
B)  the orbitofrontal cortex 
C)  the sensory cortices 
D)  the ventral tegmental area 
A)  the dorsal striatum 
B)  the orbitofrontal cortex 
C)  the sensory cortices 
D)  the ventral tegmental area

Question 10

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Role-it is important f

Question 11

The incentive salience hypothesis says that dopamine:

Accepted Answer

A)  gives food its "goodness" qualities. 
B)  is involved in predicting future rewards. 
C)  provides organisms with the motivation to work for reinforcement. 
D)  reduces the ability of an organism to enjoy food and other rewards. 
A)  gives food its "goodness" qualities. 
B)  is involved in predicting future rewards. 
C)  provides organisms with the motivation to work for reinforcement. 
D)  reduces the ability of an organism to enjoy food and other rewards.

Question 12

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  In classical conditioning, learning is fastest during the early trials, while, in operant conditioning, learning is fastest during the later trials. 
B)  In classical conditioning, the consequence arrives regardless of the animal's behavior, while, in operant conditioning, it only arrives once the animal has made a response. 
C)  Classical conditioning can be used to train animals to make responses they would not normally make; operant conditioning cannot be used to do this. 
D)  Extinction occurs in classical conditioning but not in operant conditioning. 
A)  In classical conditioning, learning is fastest during the early trials, while, in operant conditioning, learning is fastest during the later trials. 
B)  In classical conditioning, the consequence arrives regardless of the animal's behavior, while, in operant conditioning, it only arrives once the animal has made a response. 
C)  Classical conditioning can be used to train animals to make responses they would not normally make; operant conditioning cannot be used to do this. 
D)  Extinction occurs in classical conditioning but not in operant conditioning.

Question 13

If one blocks dopamine in an amphetamine user, one would expect that it would:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase pleasurable feelings from the drug. 
B)  suppress pleasurable feelings from the drug. 
C)  suppress cravings for the drug. 
D)  increase cravings for the drug. 
A)  increase pleasurable feelings from the drug. 
B)  suppress pleasurable feelings from the drug. 
C)  suppress cravings for the drug. 
D)  increase cravings for the drug.

Question 14

The doctor advises Vince that his blood pressure is high and that he must make changes in his diet, which consist of three pots of coffee a day. After leaving the doctor's office, he walks into a coffee shop and orders two espressos to go. Vince is exhibiting the sign of _____ addiction.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological 
B)  behavioral 
C)  pathological 
D)  nonspecific 
A)  neurological 
B)  behavioral 
C)  pathological 
D)  nonspecific

Question 15

Positive reinforcement involves _____ an outcome to _____ a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  adding; increase 
B)  adding; decrease 
C)  taking away; increase 
D)  taking away; decrease 
A)  adding; increase 
B)  adding; decrease 
C)  taking away; increase 
D)  taking away; decrease

Question 16

What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant conditioning shows extinction but classical conditioning does not. 
B)  Classical conditioning shows extinction but operant conditioning does not. 
C)  In operant conditioning, the outcome depends on the response, while, in classical conditioning, the outcome occurs, regardless of the response. 
D)  In classical conditioning, the outcome depends on the response, while, in operant conditioning, the outcome occurs, regardless of the response. 
A)  Operant conditioning shows extinction but classical conditioning does not. 
B)  Classical conditioning shows extinction but operant conditioning does not. 
C)  In operant conditioning, the outcome depends on the response, while, in classical conditioning, the outcome occurs, regardless of the response. 
D)  In classical conditioning, the outcome depends on the response, while, in operant conditioning, the outcome occurs, regardless of the response.

Question 17

Interfering with dopamine seems to:

Accepted Answer

A)  impair motor responses but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer. 
B)  reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motor responses. 
C)  reduce motivation to perform a behavior but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer. 
D)  reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motivation to perform a behavior. 
A)  impair motor responses but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer. 
B)  reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motor responses. 
C)  reduce motivation to perform a behavior but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer. 
D)  reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motivation to perform a behavior.

Question 18

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: (1) Distancing: stay a

Question 19

A professor gives her class donuts every Monday. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 20

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: There are two possibil

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

In which example would one MOST likely see a steady rate of responding without any noticeable pauses?

Hedonic value refers to _, while motivational value refers to _.

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

The matching law of choice behavior states that, given two responses that are reinforced on different VI schedules, an organism will:

Skinner's method of studying learning is known as a:

What part of the brain is responsible for making an individual feel bad for not being picked to play in the basketball game?

Which part of the brain seems to be especially important for maintaining habitual or automatic S-R associations?

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

The incentive salience hypothesis says that dopamine:

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

If one blocks dopamine in an amphetamine user, one would expect that it would:

The doctor advises Vince that his blood pressure is high and that he must make changes in his diet, which consist of three pots of coffee a day. After leaving the doctor's office, he walks into a coffee shop and orders two espressos to go. Vince is exhibiting the sign of _____ addiction.

Positive reinforcement involves _ an outcome to _ a behavior.

What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Interfering with dopamine seems to:

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

A professor gives her class donuts every Monday. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

In which example would one MOST likely see a steady rate of responding without any noticeable pauses?

Hedonic value refers to _____, while motivational value refers to _____.

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

The matching law of choice behavior states that, given two responses that are reinforced on different VI schedules, an organism will:

Skinner's method of studying learning is known as a:

What part of the brain is responsible for making an individual feel bad for not being picked to play in the basketball game?

Which part of the brain seems to be especially important for maintaining habitual or automatic S-R associations?

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

The incentive salience hypothesis says that dopamine:

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

If one blocks dopamine in an amphetamine user, one would expect that it would:

The doctor advises Vince that his blood pressure is high and that he must make changes in his diet, which consist of three pots of coffee a day. After leaving the doctor's office, he walks into a coffee shop and orders two espressos to go. Vince is exhibiting the sign of _____ addiction.

Positive reinforcement involves _____ an outcome to _____ a behavior.

What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Interfering with dopamine seems to:

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

A professor gives her class donuts every Monday. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Hedonic value refers to _, while motivational value refers to _.

Positive reinforcement involves _ an outcome to _ a behavior.