Question 1

Neurotransmitters that affect activity in entire brain areas, rather than just at a single synapse, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromodulators. 
B)  refractory transmitters. 
C)  glia. 
D)  reuptake transmitters. 
A)  neuromodulators. 
B)  refractory transmitters. 
C)  glia. 
D)  reuptake transmitters.

Question 2

Describe the procedures used to elicit long-term potentiation in a neuron.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Include the main steps

Question 3

Describe the process of transmitting messages from one neuron to the next.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Include basic details:

Question 4

Classically conditioning animals by using one electrode to generate neural firing patterns that would occur during the sensation of a sound and pairing that with stimulation from a second electrode that provokes a reflexive motor response is known as what kind of training?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical 
B)  transcranial magnetic stimulation 
C)  virtual reality 
D)  operant 
A)  classical 
B)  transcranial magnetic stimulation 
C)  virtual reality 
D)  operant

Question 5

The illusion of feeling that a novel experience has happened before is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hebbian learning. 
B)  synaptic plasticity. 
C)  memory. 
D)  déjà vu. 
A)  hebbian learning. 
B)  synaptic plasticity. 
C)  memory. 
D)  déjà vu.

Question 6

Which drugs have been shown to clearly improve memory in healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs that increase levels of acetylcholine in Alzheimer's patients 
B)  drugs that improve attention 
C)  drugs that treat sleep disorders 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  drugs that increase levels of acetylcholine in Alzheimer's patients 
B)  drugs that improve attention 
C)  drugs that treat sleep disorders 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Single-cell recordings:

Accepted Answer

A)  are very uncomfortable for animals when electrodes are implanted into their brains. 
B)  have been used to demonstrate cells that are "tuned" to particular body movements. 
C)  are taken from the surface of an animal's brain. 
D)  are used to determine the activity in large regions of the brain. 
A)  are very uncomfortable for animals when electrodes are implanted into their brains. 
B)  have been used to demonstrate cells that are "tuned" to particular body movements. 
C)  are taken from the surface of an animal's brain. 
D)  are used to determine the activity in large regions of the brain.

Question 8

If one falls and injures the back of one's head, which effect would MOST likely be experienced?

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty understanding speech 
B)  difficulty seeing a friend's face 
C)  difficulty remembering names 
D)  difficulty feeling the difference between silk and sandpaper 
A)  difficulty understanding speech 
B)  difficulty seeing a friend's face 
C)  difficulty remembering names 
D)  difficulty feeling the difference between silk and sandpaper

Question 9

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing things that one hears?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal 
B)  temporal 
C)  occipital 
D)  parietal 
A)  frontal 
B)  temporal 
C)  occipital 
D)  parietal

Question 10

Explain why experimental brain lesions in animals allow for greater precision than is typically possible in humans.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Explain that human bra

Question 11

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

Accepted Answer

A)  directly measures neural activity. 
B)  usually picks up more areas of brain activation than does positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  requires injecting radioactive materials into the participant's bloodstream. 
D)  is faster than positron emission tomography (PET). 
A)  directly measures neural activity. 
B)  usually picks up more areas of brain activation than does positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  requires injecting radioactive materials into the participant's bloodstream. 
D)  is faster than positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 12

Which mechanism is NOT one by which drugs alter synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter 
B)  increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to receive neurotransmitter 
C)  decreasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter 
D)  altering the mechanisms for clearing neurotransmitter from the synapse 
A)  increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter 
B)  increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to receive neurotransmitter 
C)  decreasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter 
D)  altering the mechanisms for clearing neurotransmitter from the synapse

Question 13

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

Accepted Answer

A)  directly measures neural activity. 
B)  usually picks up more areas of brain activation than does positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  requires injecting radioactive materials into the participant's bloodstream. 
D)  is faster than positron emission tomography (PET). 
A)  directly measures neural activity. 
B)  usually picks up more areas of brain activation than does positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  requires injecting radioactive materials into the participant's bloodstream. 
D)  is faster than positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 14

What was one of the problems with phrenology?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The main problem is th

Question 15

Describe the sensory and motor processes involved in crossing a busy street, including the areas of the brain that are involved.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Some of the key compon

Question 16

Which field involves the study of patients with specific types of brain damage in order to learn about the relation between brain function and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurophysiology 
B)  functional neuroimaging 
C)  neuropsychology 
D)  synaptic plasticity 
A)  neurophysiology 
B)  functional neuroimaging 
C)  neuropsychology 
D)  synaptic plasticity

Question 17

If one stubs one's toe, the painful sensation is carried to the brain by neurons in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobe. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  central nervous system. 
D)  peripheral nervous system. 
A)  occipital lobe. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  central nervous system. 
D)  peripheral nervous system.

Question 18

Which cells provide functional and structural support to neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyramidal cells 
B)  stellate cells 
C)  interneurons 
D)  glia 
A)  pyramidal cells 
B)  stellate cells 
C)  interneurons 
D)  glia

Question 19

If a researcher uses an EEG to measure the brain's response to a visual stimulus, neurons other than those that respond to visual stimuli will also be active. How do researchers determine which neurons are responding only to the visual stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  They present the visual stimulus at a very high intensity. 
B)  They measure the activity of just one neuron at a time. 
C)  They make sure to present only a visual stimulus and nothing else. 
D)  They take the average of several EEGs. 
A)  They present the visual stimulus at a very high intensity. 
B)  They measure the activity of just one neuron at a time. 
C)  They make sure to present only a visual stimulus and nothing else. 
D)  They take the average of several EEGs.

Question 20

The LARGEST structure of the human brain is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  temporal lobe. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  temporal lobe.

Neurotransmitters that affect activity in entire brain areas, rather than just at a single synapse, are called:

Describe the procedures used to elicit long-term potentiation in a neuron.

Describe the process of transmitting messages from one neuron to the next.

Classically conditioning animals by using one electrode to generate neural firing patterns that would occur during the sensation of a sound and pairing that with stimulation from a second electrode that provokes a reflexive motor response is known as what kind of training?

The illusion of feeling that a novel experience has happened before is called:

Which drugs have been shown to clearly improve memory in healthy individuals?

Single-cell recordings:

If one falls and injures the back of one's head, which effect would MOST likely be experienced?

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing things that one hears?

Explain why experimental brain lesions in animals allow for greater precision than is typically possible in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

Which mechanism is NOT one by which drugs alter synaptic transmission?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

What was one of the problems with phrenology?

Describe the sensory and motor processes involved in crossing a busy street, including the areas of the brain that are involved.

Which field involves the study of patients with specific types of brain damage in order to learn about the relation between brain function and behavior?

If one stubs one's toe, the painful sensation is carried to the brain by neurons in the:

Which cells provide functional and structural support to neurons?

If a researcher uses an EEG to measure the brain's response to a visual stimulus, neurons other than those that respond to visual stimuli will also be active. How do researchers determine which neurons are responding only to the visual stimulus?

The LARGEST structure of the human brain is the:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Neurotransmitters that affect activity in entire brain areas, rather than just at a single synapse, are called:

Describe the procedures used to elicit long-term potentiation in a neuron.

Describe the process of transmitting messages from one neuron to the next.

Classically conditioning animals by using one electrode to generate neural firing patterns that would occur during the sensation of a sound and pairing that with stimulation from a second electrode that provokes a reflexive motor response is known as what kind of training?

The illusion of feeling that a novel experience has happened before is called:

Which drugs have been shown to clearly improve memory in healthy individuals?

Single-cell recordings:

If one falls and injures the back of one's head, which effect would MOST likely be experienced?

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing things that one hears?

Explain why experimental brain lesions in animals allow for greater precision than is typically possible in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

Which mechanism is NOT one by which drugs alter synaptic transmission?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

What was one of the problems with phrenology?

Describe the sensory and motor processes involved in crossing a busy street, including the areas of the brain that are involved.

Which field involves the study of patients with specific types of brain damage in order to learn about the relation between brain function and behavior?

If one stubs one's toe, the painful sensation is carried to the brain by neurons in the:

Which cells provide functional and structural support to neurons?

If a researcher uses an EEG to measure the brain's response to a visual stimulus, neurons other than those that respond to visual stimuli will also be active. How do researchers determine which neurons are responding only to the visual stimulus?

The LARGEST structure of the human brain is the:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters