Question 1

The work of ________ attempts to answer the question "How does thinking develop?"

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Jean Piaget 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Uri Bronfenbrenner 
A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Jean Piaget 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Uri Bronfenbrenner B

Question 2

How might Piaget's theory and the information-processing theory of cognitive development be thought of as complementary? In other words,what might each theory contribute to an overall greater understanding of children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development focuses on how children actively construct their understanding of the world through assimilation and accommodation, while the information-processing theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, in children's development.

These two theories can be thought of as complementary in that Piaget's theory provides a framework for understanding the stages of cognitive development and the qualitative changes that occur, while the information-processing theory offers insights into the specific cognitive mechanisms and processes that underlie these changes.

Piaget's theory contributes to our overall understanding of children's cognitive development by highlighting the importance of children's active engagement with their environment and the ways in which their thinking becomes more complex over time. On the other hand, the information-processing theory contributes by providing a more detailed understanding of the specific cognitive processes involved in children's learning and problem-solving.

By considering both theories together, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of children's cognitive development, recognizing both the qualitative changes that occur as well as the specific cognitive processes that support these changes. This can ultimately lead to more effective educational practices and interventions to support children's cognitive growth.

Question 3

According to the predictive-adaptive response theory,a fetus will adapt its ____ to accommodate an anticipated future environment based on conditions in its prenatal environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  perception 
B)  gestation length 
C)  physiology 
D)  calorie intake 
A)  perception 
B)  gestation length 
C)  physiology 
D)  calorie intake C

Question 4

What are evolutionary psychology and evolutionary developmental psychology? How do they differ?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology is a field of st

Question 5

Psychoanalytic theorists explain developmental change in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  relationships between the individual and his or her environment. 
B)  assimilation and accommodation of external stimuli. 
C)  manipulation of environmental influences to reward or punish. 
D)  the influence of internal drives and emotions upon behaviour. 
A)  relationships between the individual and his or her environment. 
B)  assimilation and accommodation of external stimuli. 
C)  manipulation of environmental influences to reward or punish. 
D)  the influence of internal drives and emotions upon behaviour.

Question 6

Martha carries two genes for brown eyes (dominant gene)and John carries two genes for blue eyes (recessive gene).Their child will have a

Accepted Answer

A)  50 percent chance of brown eyes. 
B)  75 percent chance of brown eyes. 
C)  100 percent chance of blue eyes. 
D)  100 percent chance of brown eyes. 
A)  50 percent chance of brown eyes. 
B)  75 percent chance of brown eyes. 
C)  100 percent chance of blue eyes. 
D)  100 percent chance of brown eyes.

Question 7

Recent research discoveries have revealed that epigenetic structures can be affected and altered by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal diet 
B)  maternal age 
C)  quality of maternal care of offspring 
D)  direct intergenerational genetic transmission 
A)  maternal diet 
B)  maternal age 
C)  quality of maternal care of offspring 
D)  direct intergenerational genetic transmission

Question 8

_______ are organic compounds that form the core structural elements of muscle,brain,and bone in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes 
B)  Chromosomes 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Proteins 
A)  Genes 
B)  Chromosomes 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Proteins

Question 9

The instinctual drive for physical pleasure present at birth and forming the motivating force behind all human behaviour is the

Accepted Answer

A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego. 
A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego.

Question 10

Height as a genetic trait is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant genes. 
B)  environmental factors like nutrition and abuse/neglect. 
C)  genes and environmental factors. 
D)  race, culture, and gender. 
A)  dominant genes. 
B)  environmental factors like nutrition and abuse/neglect. 
C)  genes and environmental factors. 
D)  race, culture, and gender.

Question 11

How are Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory similar in their views on human development? How do these theories differ in their explanations of human development?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Bron

Question 12

What is the systems approach to human development? List all factors are relevant to this approach.

Accepted Answer

The systems approach to human developmen

Question 13

Evolutionary theorists propose that the genetic and physiological processes that underlie human behaviour changed gradually over time through _____________ and ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic mutation; natural selection 
B)  cognitive; social behaviour 
C)  social; cultural behaviour 
D)  nature; nurture 
A)  genetic mutation; natural selection 
B)  cognitive; social behaviour 
C)  social; cultural behaviour 
D)  nature; nurture

Question 14

One-year-old Melanie has formed a secure attachment to her mother.Erik Erikson would claim that Melanie has mastered which of his psychosocial stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  identity versus role confusion 
C)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
D)  industry versus inferiority 
A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  identity versus role confusion 
C)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
D)  industry versus inferiority

Question 15

People take less time to learn a new behaviour under partial reinforcement conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The entire DNA that an individual human body possesses is called its

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype. 
B)  genome. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genetic profile. 
A)  genotype. 
B)  genome. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genetic profile.

Question 17

Describing one's self as male,5'10",with brown eyes and brown curly hair provides details about appearance that would be called one's ______ in the scientific world.

Accepted Answer

A)  "genome" 
B)  "phenotype" 
C)  "polygenetic inheritance" 
D)  "genotype" 
A)  "genome" 
B)  "phenotype" 
C)  "polygenetic inheritance" 
D)  "genotype"

Question 18

Learning that results from the association of stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  social-cognitive conditioning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  social-cognitive conditioning.

Question 19

Which statement provides the best example of a core belief of ethology evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human children, regardless of their environment, have the unique ability to learn language early in life without any specific instruction from adults. 
B)  Evolution has produced genes that cause humans to form emotional relationships like bonding that facilitate survival. 
C)  Traits like intelligence, shyness, and aggressiveness are directly transmitted through heredity. 
D)  Evolution has provided humans with genetic programming that helps us cooperate and survive in groups. 
A)  Human children, regardless of their environment, have the unique ability to learn language early in life without any specific instruction from adults. 
B)  Evolution has produced genes that cause humans to form emotional relationships like bonding that facilitate survival. 
C)  Traits like intelligence, shyness, and aggressiveness are directly transmitted through heredity. 
D)  Evolution has provided humans with genetic programming that helps us cooperate and survive in groups.

Question 20

A major assumption of Maslow's theory is that each person is born with a basic drive to achieve her or his full potential,or self-actualization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The work of ________ attempts to answer the question "How does thinking develop?"

How might Piaget's theory and the information-processing theory of cognitive development be thought of as complementary? In other words,what might each theory contribute to an overall greater understanding of children's cognitive development?

According to the predictive-adaptive response theory,a fetus will adapt its ____ to accommodate an anticipated future environment based on conditions in its prenatal environment.

What are evolutionary psychology and evolutionary developmental psychology? How do they differ?

Psychoanalytic theorists explain developmental change in terms of

Martha carries two genes for brown eyes (dominant gene)and John carries two genes for blue eyes (recessive gene).Their child will have a

Recent research discoveries have revealed that epigenetic structures can be affected and altered by all of the following EXCEPT

_______ are organic compounds that form the core structural elements of muscle,brain,and bone in the human body.

The instinctual drive for physical pleasure present at birth and forming the motivating force behind all human behaviour is the

Height as a genetic trait is largely determined by

How are Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory similar in their views on human development? How do these theories differ in their explanations of human development?

What is the systems approach to human development? List all factors are relevant to this approach.

Evolutionary theorists propose that the genetic and physiological processes that underlie human behaviour changed gradually over time through _ and .

One-year-old Melanie has formed a secure attachment to her mother.Erik Erikson would claim that Melanie has mastered which of his psychosocial stages?

People take less time to learn a new behaviour under partial reinforcement conditions.

The entire DNA that an individual human body possesses is called its

Describing one's self as male,5'10",with brown eyes and brown curly hair provides details about appearance that would be called one's ______ in the scientific world.

Learning that results from the association of stimuli is called

Which statement provides the best example of a core belief of ethology evolutionary theory?

A major assumption of Maslow's theory is that each person is born with a basic drive to achieve her or his full potential,or self-actualization.

Basic Concepts and Methods

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Personality Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Development

The work of ________ attempts to answer the question "How does thinking develop?"

How might Piaget's theory and the information-processing theory of cognitive development be thought of as complementary? In other words,what might each theory contribute to an overall greater understanding of children's cognitive development?

According to the predictive-adaptive response theory,a fetus will adapt its ____ to accommodate an anticipated future environment based on conditions in its prenatal environment.

What are evolutionary psychology and evolutionary developmental psychology? How do they differ?

Psychoanalytic theorists explain developmental change in terms of

Martha carries two genes for brown eyes (dominant gene)and John carries two genes for blue eyes (recessive gene).Their child will have a

Recent research discoveries have revealed that epigenetic structures can be affected and altered by all of the following EXCEPT

_______ are organic compounds that form the core structural elements of muscle,brain,and bone in the human body.

The instinctual drive for physical pleasure present at birth and forming the motivating force behind all human behaviour is the

Height as a genetic trait is largely determined by

How are Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory similar in their views on human development? How do these theories differ in their explanations of human development?

What is the systems approach to human development? List all factors are relevant to this approach.

Evolutionary theorists propose that the genetic and physiological processes that underlie human behaviour changed gradually over time through _____________ and ____________ .

One-year-old Melanie has formed a secure attachment to her mother.Erik Erikson would claim that Melanie has mastered which of his psychosocial stages?

People take less time to learn a new behaviour under partial reinforcement conditions.

The entire DNA that an individual human body possesses is called its

Describing one's self as male,5'10",with brown eyes and brown curly hair provides details about appearance that would be called one's ______ in the scientific world.

Learning that results from the association of stimuli is called

Which statement provides the best example of a core belief of ethology evolutionary theory?

A major assumption of Maslow's theory is that each person is born with a basic drive to achieve her or his full potential,or self-actualization.

Basic Concepts and Methods

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Personality Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Evolutionary theorists propose that the genetic and physiological processes that underlie human behaviour changed gradually over time through _ and .