Question 1

Which statement about the structure of proteins is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteins are made of long strings of 20 different common amino acids in different orders. 
B) The order of amino acids in a polypeptide determines the three-dimensional shape of the folded molecule. 
C) The chemical properties of each amino acid are determined by the amino acid's side chain. 
D) Most proteins consist of two amino acid polymers attached together by hydrogen bonding. 
A) Proteins are made of long strings of 20 different common amino acids in different orders. 
B) The order of amino acids in a polypeptide determines the three-dimensional shape of the folded molecule. 
C) The chemical properties of each amino acid are determined by the amino acid's side chain. 
D) Most proteins consist of two amino acid polymers attached together by hydrogen bonding. D

Question 2

What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA performs most cellular functions and proteins store information. 
B) DNA stores genetic information in the order of nucleotides and proteins store genetic information in the order of amino acids. 
C) DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions. 
D) DNA provides structure to the cell and proteins act as enzymes. 
A) DNA performs most cellular functions and proteins store information. 
B) DNA stores genetic information in the order of nucleotides and proteins store genetic information in the order of amino acids. 
C) DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions. 
D) DNA provides structure to the cell and proteins act as enzymes. C

Question 3

A genome can be best described as

Accepted Answer

A) a segment of DNA that encodes an RNA or a protein. 
B) an organized package of DNA and proteins. 
C) a single pair of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds. 
D) the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell. 
A) a segment of DNA that encodes an RNA or a protein. 
B) an organized package of DNA and proteins. 
C) a single pair of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds. 
D) the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell. D

Question 4

The size of the mouse (M.musculus)genome is 2700 megabases (Mb)and it contains about 25,000 genes arranged on 40 chromosomes.If the genes are evenly distributed on chromosomes in the mouse, what is the average number of genes per chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 9.3 
C) 67.5 
D) 625 
A) 1 
B) 9.3 
C) 67.5 
D) 625

Question 5

Which statement is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a polymer made up of a string of amino acids. 
B) Each different sequence folds into a different three-dimensional shape. 
C) The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by base pairing. 
D) It contains nitrogenous bases known as A, C, G, and U. 
A) It is a polymer made up of a string of amino acids. 
B) Each different sequence folds into a different three-dimensional shape. 
C) The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by base pairing. 
D) It contains nitrogenous bases known as A, C, G, and U.

Question 6

New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation. 
B) Fusion of two genes due to mating between individuals of two different species. 
C) Conversion of introns to exons by the accumulation of mutations. 
D) Mutation of a DNA sequence activates a gene that was previously turned off. 
A) Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation. 
B) Fusion of two genes due to mating between individuals of two different species. 
C) Conversion of introns to exons by the accumulation of mutations. 
D) Mutation of a DNA sequence activates a gene that was previously turned off.

Question 7

A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle.A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome.What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similar functions?

Accepted Answer

A) The scientist could search the human genome for genes that encode proteins that are identical to the protein encoded by the mouse gene. 
B) The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable. 
C) The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heart muscle forms in the mouse. 
D) The scientist could place the mutant mouse gene into humans to see if humans develop without heart muscle. 
A) The scientist could search the human genome for genes that encode proteins that are identical to the protein encoded by the mouse gene. 
B) The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable. 
C) The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heart muscle forms in the mouse. 
D) The scientist could place the mutant mouse gene into humans to see if humans develop without heart muscle.

Question 8

Which is a structural feature shared by DNA, RNA, and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) The order of monomers is important for function. 
B) Each sequence of monomers folds into a different three-dimensional shape. 
C) Each molecule is a polymer of four different nucleotides. 
D) Two strands of monomers are connected by hydrogen bonding. 
A) The order of monomers is important for function. 
B) Each sequence of monomers folds into a different three-dimensional shape. 
C) Each molecule is a polymer of four different nucleotides. 
D) Two strands of monomers are connected by hydrogen bonding.

Question 9

A sequence of amino acids found in a subunit of the ATP synthase enzyme in several species is shown below.Which amino acids are likely to be most important to the function of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

A) Those that are shaded dark blue because the amino acids are identical between species. 
B) Those that are shaded light blue because the amino acids are similar, but not identical. 
C) Those that are not shaded because the amino acid sequences are different between species. 
D) Comparing sequence between species does not indicate which amino acids are important to function. 
A) Those that are shaded dark blue because the amino acids are identical between species. 
B) Those that are shaded light blue because the amino acids are similar, but not identical. 
C) Those that are not shaded because the amino acid sequences are different between species. 
D) Comparing sequence between species does not indicate which amino acids are important to function.

Question 10

Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals to become widely available?

Accepted Answer

A) Discrimination by insurance companies. 
B) Misinterpretation of the information. 
C) Misuse of the information for social purposes. 
D) Advances leading to healthier lives for some people. 
A) Discrimination by insurance companies. 
B) Misinterpretation of the information. 
C) Misuse of the information for social purposes. 
D) Advances leading to healthier lives for some people.

Question 11

Galactosemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the sugar galactose.People with galactosemia suffer from liver, kidney, and brain damage among other symptoms.A gene mutation underlying galactosemia was identified by sequencing the genome of a person with galactosemia.What additional evidence would support the hypothesis that the mutation in the candidate gene causes the disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Observing that the genome of the person with galactosemia contains mutations in several other genes. 
B) Collecting family history and determining that no other family members have galactosemia. 
C) Sequencing the genomes from unrelated people with galactosemia and discovering that they also have mutations in the candidate gene. 
D) Sequencing the genomes of family members without galactosemia and discovering that they also have mutations in the candidate gene. 
A) Observing that the genome of the person with galactosemia contains mutations in several other genes. 
B) Collecting family history and determining that no other family members have galactosemia. 
C) Sequencing the genomes from unrelated people with galactosemia and discovering that they also have mutations in the candidate gene. 
D) Sequencing the genomes of family members without galactosemia and discovering that they also have mutations in the candidate gene.

Question 12

A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the ability to

Accepted Answer

A) sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively. 
B) rapidly identify and mutate individual disease-causing genes. 
C) determine the function of genes by comparing genome sequences. 
D) edit DNA in germ-line cells to correct disease-causing mutations. 
A) sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively. 
B) rapidly identify and mutate individual disease-causing genes. 
C) determine the function of genes by comparing genome sequences. 
D) edit DNA in germ-line cells to correct disease-causing mutations.

Question 13

Mutation of a mouse gene results in mice that lack heart muscle.What characteristic would you expect to find in a human gene that has a common origin with this mouse gene?

Accepted Answer

A) The DNA sequence of the human gene will be identical to the DNA sequence of the mouse gene. 
B) The human and mouse genes will specify proteins with similar amino acid sequences. 
C) The human and mouse genes will specify unrelated sequences of amino acids, but both proteins will function to prevent the formation of heart muscle. 
D) The human and mouse genes will specify unrelated sequences of amino acids, and the human gene will not be involved in heart muscle formation. 
A) The DNA sequence of the human gene will be identical to the DNA sequence of the mouse gene. 
B) The human and mouse genes will specify proteins with similar amino acid sequences. 
C) The human and mouse genes will specify unrelated sequences of amino acids, but both proteins will function to prevent the formation of heart muscle. 
D) The human and mouse genes will specify unrelated sequences of amino acids, and the human gene will not be involved in heart muscle formation.

Question 14

The function of a single fruit fly gene was inactivated completely by mutation.A fruit fly with this mutation did not have legs.Which is a reasonable conclusion to make based on this information?

Accepted Answer

A) The normal gene function is required for viability in fruit flies. 
B) The normal gene function is required for leg formation in fruit flies. 
C) The normal gene is unlikely to regulate other genes involved in leg formation. 
D) The normal gene is likely required in fruit flies for formation of legs, wings, and antenna. 
A) The normal gene function is required for viability in fruit flies. 
B) The normal gene function is required for leg formation in fruit flies. 
C) The normal gene is unlikely to regulate other genes involved in leg formation. 
D) The normal gene is likely required in fruit flies for formation of legs, wings, and antenna.

Question 15

A segment of a protein has the amino acid sequence Ser-Gly-Leu.Is it possible to infer the sequence of the RNA that encodes this amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, the sequence is UCU-GGA-CUC. 
B) Yes, the sequence is TCT-GGA-CTC. 
C) No; more than one type of RNA (more than one base sequence)could encode this amino acid sequence. 
D) No; the sequence of bases in RNA is not related to the amino acid sequence. 
A) Yes, the sequence is UCU-GGA-CUC. 
B) Yes, the sequence is TCT-GGA-CTC. 
C) No; more than one type of RNA (more than one base sequence)could encode this amino acid sequence. 
D) No; the sequence of bases in RNA is not related to the amino acid sequence.

Question 16

How does DNA structure relate to its function?

Accepted Answer

A) The three-dimensional structure allows DNA to catalyze chemical reactions. 
B) The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in a protein. 
C) DNA folds in a variety of shapes, each with a unique function. 
D) The three-dimensional shape of DNA is critical for the storage of genetic information. 
A) The three-dimensional structure allows DNA to catalyze chemical reactions. 
B) The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in a protein. 
C) DNA folds in a variety of shapes, each with a unique function. 
D) The three-dimensional shape of DNA is critical for the storage of genetic information.

Question 17

What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is composed of amino acids and proteins are composed of nucleotides. 
B) DNA is composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and T and proteins are composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and U. 
C) DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids. 
D) DNA is composed of 10 different amino acids and proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. 
A) DNA is composed of amino acids and proteins are composed of nucleotides. 
B) DNA is composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and T and proteins are composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and U. 
C) DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids. 
D) DNA is composed of 10 different amino acids and proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.

Question 18

What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to another?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other genes. 
B) The mutated gene encodes a protein that determines cell shape. 
C) The mutation is in a structural gene and results in production of more protein than usual. 
D) A mutation in only one gene cannot convert one body part to another. 
A) The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other genes. 
B) The mutated gene encodes a protein that determines cell shape. 
C) The mutation is in a structural gene and results in production of more protein than usual. 
D) A mutation in only one gene cannot convert one body part to another.

Question 19

Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic code is almost universal. 
B) All flies have two wings. 
C) Body parts with similar functions in different species are determined by unrelated genes. 
D) Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes. 
A) The genetic code is almost universal. 
B) All flies have two wings. 
C) Body parts with similar functions in different species are determined by unrelated genes. 
D) Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.

Question 20

Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?

Accepted Answer

A) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such as cancer. 
B) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to criminal activity. 
C) Information that psychiatrists can use to predict personality and behavior. 
D) Information that will accurately predict the life span of an individual. 
A) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such as cancer. 
B) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to criminal activity. 
C) Information that psychiatrists can use to predict personality and behavior. 
D) Information that will accurately predict the life span of an individual.

Exam 1: Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Which statement about the structure of proteins is false?

What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?

A genome can be best described as

The size of the mouse (M.musculus)genome is 2700 megabases (Mb)and it contains about 25,000 genes arranged on 40 chromosomes.If the genes are evenly distributed on chromosomes in the mouse, what is the average number of genes per chromosome?

Which statement is true about the structure of DNA?

New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?

A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle.A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome.What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similar functions?

Which is a structural feature shared by DNA, RNA, and proteins?

A sequence of amino acids found in a subunit of the ATP synthase enzyme in several species is shown below.Which amino acids are likely to be most important to the function of ATP synthase?

Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals to become widely available?

A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the ability to

Mutation of a mouse gene results in mice that lack heart muscle.What characteristic would you expect to find in a human gene that has a common origin with this mouse gene?

The function of a single fruit fly gene was inactivated completely by mutation.A fruit fly with this mutation did not have legs.Which is a reasonable conclusion to make based on this information?

A segment of a protein has the amino acid sequence Ser-Gly-Leu.Is it possible to infer the sequence of the RNA that encodes this amino acid sequence?

How does DNA structure relate to its function?

What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?

What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to another?

Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related?

Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters