Question 1

What characteristics make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid, gene control mechanisms identical to eukaryotes 
B) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid 
C) short generation time, genome as complex as that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid 
D) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, diploid 
A) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid, gene control mechanisms identical to eukaryotes 
B) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid 
C) short generation time, genome as complex as that of humans, easily mutagenized, haploid 
D) short generation time, simple genome relative to to that of humans, easily mutagenized, diploid B

Question 2

Which technique would most likely be used for mapping genes that are separated by 2 × 105 base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A) specialized transduction 
B) generalized transduction 
C) conjugation 
D) transformation 
A) specialized transduction 
B) generalized transduction 
C) conjugation 
D) transformation C

Question 3

One way N.gonorrhoeae became resistant to penicillin was by acquiring a plasmid that carries the penr penicillin resistance gene, which encodes a protein that

Accepted Answer

A) allows cells to synthesize penicillin. 
B) cleaves penicillin to an inactive form. 
C) pumps penicillin out of the cell. 
D) attaches penicillin to the cell wall. 
A) allows cells to synthesize penicillin. 
B) cleaves penicillin to an inactive form. 
C) pumps penicillin out of the cell. 
D) attaches penicillin to the cell wall. B

Question 4

When a bacteriophage carrying bacterial DNA infects a new bacterium,

Accepted Answer

A) the recipient is usually killed. 
B) the recipient keeps the transferred DNA in storage but does not replicate it. 
C) it transfers bacterial DNA from the donor bacterium to the recipient bacterium. 
D) only viral DNA is transferred to the recipient bacterium. 
A) the recipient is usually killed. 
B) the recipient keeps the transferred DNA in storage but does not replicate it. 
C) it transfers bacterial DNA from the donor bacterium to the recipient bacterium. 
D) only viral DNA is transferred to the recipient bacterium.

Question 5

Which gene would you predict would be most likely to be part of a core genome and not the pangenome?

Accepted Answer

A) gene encoding DNA polymerase 
B) gene conferring antibiotic resistance 
C) gene conferring metal resistance 
D) gene encoding an enzyme required for lactose utilization 
A) gene encoding DNA polymerase 
B) gene conferring antibiotic resistance 
C) gene conferring metal resistance 
D) gene encoding an enzyme required for lactose utilization

Question 6

Multidrug resistance is not a major health concern because new antibiotics are easily and frequently identified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutation in the his operon, what would be the most appropriate selection media?

Accepted Answer

A) rich media that contains all of the amino acids supplemented with tetracycline 
B) minimal media supplemented only with histidine 
C) minimal media supplemented with tetracycline and histidine 
D) minimal media supplemented with tetracycline alone 
A) rich media that contains all of the amino acids supplemented with tetracycline 
B) minimal media supplemented only with histidine 
C) minimal media supplemented with tetracycline and histidine 
D) minimal media supplemented with tetracycline alone

Question 8

What is a typical characteristic of bacterial chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) On average 5% of the genome encodes proteins. 
B) It has telomeres. 
C) It is linear. 
D) On average a gene occurs once in every 1000 bp. 
E) It is single-stranded DNA. 
A) On average 5% of the genome encodes proteins. 
B) It has telomeres. 
C) It is linear. 
D) On average a gene occurs once in every 1000 bp. 
E) It is single-stranded DNA.

Question 9

Viruses are isolated from wild-type E.coli cells that have been infected with wild-type bacteriophage λ.These viruses are used to infect a Gal− strain of E.coli.A few bacterial colonies that can grow on galactose are obtained, while no bacteria that can grow on galactose are obtained from cells that were not infected.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A) A λ gal+ phage was generated. 
B) Reversion mutations have occurred. 
C) The bacteria underwent conjugation with a Gal+ strain. 
D) The bacteria underwent transformation with a wild-type E.coli strain. 
A) A λ gal+ phage was generated. 
B) Reversion mutations have occurred. 
C) The bacteria underwent conjugation with a Gal+ strain. 
D) The bacteria underwent transformation with a wild-type E.coli strain.

Question 10

All the genes in a species' core genome are located on the bacterial chromosome, whereas the genes of the pangenome are carried on plasmids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as thermal vents on the ocean floor, have evolved genes that allow them to use the resources within that environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In an Hfr strain, the F episome is integrated between genes A and B.When this Hfr mates with an F− strain, gene B is always transferred first to the F− cell.What is the last bacterial gene that could possibly (at least in theory)be transferred to the F− from the host chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) a gene that is 90 minutes from gene A 
B) a gene that is at 30 minutes from gene A 
C) gene A 
D) a gene that is at 60 minutes from gene A 
A) a gene that is 90 minutes from gene A 
B) a gene that is at 30 minutes from gene A 
C) gene A 
D) a gene that is at 60 minutes from gene A

Question 13

Researchers often work with temperature-sensitive mutations ________, because null alleles of these genes create mutants that cannot grow under any conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) that confer antibiotic resistance 
B) in essential genes 
C) that affect colony morphology 
D) that affect metabolism 
A) that confer antibiotic resistance 
B) in essential genes 
C) that affect colony morphology 
D) that affect metabolism

Question 14

A strain of penicillin-resistant N.gonorrhoeae that does not have a plasmid is isolated.A lysate made from the bacterium cannot degrade penicillin in an in vitro assay.When a culture of this strain is grown in a solution that contains radioactive penicillin, the amount of penicillin found within cells is less than the amount found within cells from a nonresistant strain.The DNA sequence of the porin gene from the resistant strain does not have any mutations.What is the most likely mechanism of resistance in this strain?

Accepted Answer

A) A mutation in the mtr gene has occurred, resulting in fewer efflux pumps. 
B) A penA nonsense mutation has occurred. 
C) A penA missense mutation has occurred. 
D) The bacterial genome carries the penr gene. 
A) A mutation in the mtr gene has occurred, resulting in fewer efflux pumps. 
B) A penA nonsense mutation has occurred. 
C) A penA missense mutation has occurred. 
D) The bacterial genome carries the penr gene.

Question 15

What would you anticipate would be true about the metabolism of a bacterial species isolated from water samples, one at the surface and another from a hot vent on the ocean floor?

Accepted Answer

A) The species from the water surface would be more likely to be able to conduct photosynthesis. 
B) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to conduct photosynthesis. 
C) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to fix nitrogen. 
D) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to degrade oil. 
A) The species from the water surface would be more likely to be able to conduct photosynthesis. 
B) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to conduct photosynthesis. 
C) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to fix nitrogen. 
D) The species from the hot vent would be more likely to be able to degrade oil.

Question 16

Scientists can identify the gene mutated in a bacterial auxotroph by transforming the cells with a genomic library in which fragments of the auxotroph's genome have been cloned into plasmids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Metagenomics may be useful because

Accepted Answer

A) it could be used to detect or predict human diseases. 
B) it will allow for the sequencing of entire bacterial species genomes. 
C) metagenomes do not change rapidly. 
D) metagenomes are not responsive to environmental changes. 
A) it could be used to detect or predict human diseases. 
B) it will allow for the sequencing of entire bacterial species genomes. 
C) metagenomes do not change rapidly. 
D) metagenomes are not responsive to environmental changes.

Question 18

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of gentamicin in the environment 
B) high mutation rate for the bacterium 
C) growth situation for the bacterium 
D) patients that did not receive the antibiotic 
A) presence of gentamicin in the environment 
B) high mutation rate for the bacterium 
C) growth situation for the bacterium 
D) patients that did not receive the antibiotic

Question 19

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

Accepted Answer

A) Tn elements can carry antibiotic resistance genes. 
B) IS elements carry a transposase gene. 
C) Tn elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
D) IS elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
A) Tn elements can carry antibiotic resistance genes. 
B) IS elements carry a transposase gene. 
C) Tn elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
D) IS elements integrate into plasmids and genomes.

Question 20

A strain of E.coli is trp− his− lac−.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Accepted Answer

A) minimal medium with lactose as the sugar, supplemented with histidine and tryptophan 
B) minimal medium with glucose as the sugar, supplemented with histidine and tryptophan 
C) minimal medium with glucose and lactose as the sugar 
D) minimal medium with glucose as the sugar 
A) minimal medium with lactose as the sugar, supplemented with histidine and tryptophan 
B) minimal medium with glucose as the sugar, supplemented with histidine and tryptophan 
C) minimal medium with glucose and lactose as the sugar 
D) minimal medium with glucose as the sugar

What characteristics make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Which technique would most likely be used for mapping genes that are separated by 2 × 10⁵ base pairs?

One way N.gonorrhoeae became resistant to penicillin was by acquiring a plasmid that carries the pen^r penicillin resistance gene, which encodes a protein that

When a bacteriophage carrying bacterial DNA infects a new bacterium,

Which gene would you predict would be most likely to be part of a core genome and not the pangenome?

Multidrug resistance is not a major health concern because new antibiotics are easily and frequently identified.

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutation in the his operon, what would be the most appropriate selection media?

What is a typical characteristic of bacterial chromosomes?

All the genes in a species' core genome are located on the bacterial chromosome, whereas the genes of the pangenome are carried on plasmids.

Bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as thermal vents on the ocean floor, have evolved genes that allow them to use the resources within that environment.

In an Hfr strain, the F episome is integrated between genes A and B.When this Hfr mates with an F⁻ strain, gene B is always transferred first to the F⁻ cell.What is the last bacterial gene that could possibly (at least in theory)be transferred to the F⁻ from the host chromosome?

Researchers often work with temperature-sensitive mutations ________, because null alleles of these genes create mutants that cannot grow under any conditions.

What would you anticipate would be true about the metabolism of a bacterial species isolated from water samples, one at the surface and another from a hot vent on the ocean floor?

Scientists can identify the gene mutated in a bacterial auxotroph by transforming the cells with a genomic library in which fragments of the auxotroph's genome have been cloned into plasmids.

Metagenomics may be useful because

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

A strain of E.coli is trp^{− his− lac−}.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 14: Bacterial Genetics

What characteristics make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Which technique would most likely be used for mapping genes that are separated by 2 × 105 base pairs?

One way N.gonorrhoeae became resistant to penicillin was by acquiring a plasmid that carries the penr penicillin resistance gene, which encodes a protein that

When a bacteriophage carrying bacterial DNA infects a new bacterium,

Which gene would you predict would be most likely to be part of a core genome and not the pangenome?

Multidrug resistance is not a major health concern because new antibiotics are easily and frequently identified.

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutation in the his operon, what would be the most appropriate selection media?

What is a typical characteristic of bacterial chromosomes?

All the genes in a species' core genome are located on the bacterial chromosome, whereas the genes of the pangenome are carried on plasmids.

Bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as thermal vents on the ocean floor, have evolved genes that allow them to use the resources within that environment.

In an Hfr strain, the F episome is integrated between genes A and B.When this Hfr mates with an F− strain, gene B is always transferred first to the F− cell.What is the last bacterial gene that could possibly (at least in theory)be transferred to the F− from the host chromosome?

Researchers often work with temperature-sensitive mutations ________, because null alleles of these genes create mutants that cannot grow under any conditions.

What would you anticipate would be true about the metabolism of a bacterial species isolated from water samples, one at the surface and another from a hot vent on the ocean floor?

Scientists can identify the gene mutated in a bacterial auxotroph by transforming the cells with a genomic library in which fragments of the auxotroph's genome have been cloned into plasmids.

Metagenomics may be useful because

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

A strain of E.coli is trp− his− lac−.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Which technique would most likely be used for mapping genes that are separated by 2 × 10⁵ base pairs?

One way N.gonorrhoeae became resistant to penicillin was by acquiring a plasmid that carries the pen^r penicillin resistance gene, which encodes a protein that

In an Hfr strain, the F episome is integrated between genes A and B.When this Hfr mates with an F⁻ strain, gene B is always transferred first to the F⁻ cell.What is the last bacterial gene that could possibly (at least in theory)be transferred to the F⁻ from the host chromosome?

A strain of E.coli is trp^{− his− lac−}.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?