Question 1

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium, phosphate, and lipids. 
B)  steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates. 
C)  glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium. 
D)  phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids. 
E)  calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids. 
A)  calcium, phosphate, and lipids. 
B)  steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates. 
C)  glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium. 
D)  phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids. 
E)  calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question 2

What gives bone its flexibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inorganic salts 
B)  Yellow bone marrow 
C)  Collagen fibers 
D)  Trabeculae 
E)  Elastic fibers 
A)  Inorganic salts 
B)  Yellow bone marrow 
C)  Collagen fibers 
D)  Trabeculae 
E)  Elastic fibers

Question 3

-This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 4

The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are
A: Calcified cartilage
B: Hypertrophic cartilage
C: Ossification
D: Resting cartilage
E: Proliferating cartilage
The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is

Accepted Answer

A)  c - a - b - e - d 
B)  d - b - e - a - c 
C)  e - d - a - c - b 
D)  c - d - e - a - b 
E)  d - e - b - a - c 
A)  c - a - b - e - d 
B)  d - b - e - a - c 
C)  e - d - a - c - b 
D)  c - d - e - a - b 
E)  d - e - b - a - c

Question 5

Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid. 
B)  osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae. 
C)  chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion. 
D)  osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite. 
A)  osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid. 
B)  osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae. 
C)  chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion. 
D)  osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

Question 9

-This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which number indicates a central canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 10

Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insufficient calcification 
B)  Demineralization 
C)  Reduction in the organic content of the matrix 
D)  Loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Insufficient calcification 
B)  Demineralization 
C)  Reduction in the organic content of the matrix 
D)  Loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygomatic 
B)  Radius 
C)  Axis 
D)  Hamate 
E)  First metatarsal 
A)  Zygomatic 
B)  Radius 
C)  Axis 
D)  Hamate 
E)  First metatarsal

Question 14

If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bone will dissolve completely. 
B)  The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone. 
C)  The bone will become extremely brittle. 
D)  The bone will become soft and bendable. 
E)  The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone. 
A)  The bone will dissolve completely. 
B)  The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone. 
C)  The bone will become extremely brittle. 
D)  The bone will become soft and bendable. 
E)  The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone.

Question 15

Spongy bone

Accepted Answer

A)  contains no osteocytes. 
B)  has spaces filled with yellow marrow. 
C)  is composed of tubular units called osteons. 
D)  forms diploe in the cranial bones. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  contains no osteocytes. 
B)  has spaces filled with yellow marrow. 
C)  is composed of tubular units called osteons. 
D)  forms diploe in the cranial bones. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  fibroblasts. 
D)  chondroblasts. 
E)  osteoblasts. 
A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  fibroblasts. 
D)  chondroblasts. 
E)  osteoblasts.

Question 17

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called ________ fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  transverse 
B)  perforating 
C)  penetrating 
D)  connecting 
E)  cementing 
A)  transverse 
B)  perforating 
C)  penetrating 
D)  connecting 
E)  cementing

Question 18

Mature cartilage is avascular.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

-This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which is a mature bone cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 20

Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity. 
B)  Osteoclasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoblasts build bone at the interstitial lamellae. 
C)  Osteoblasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoclasts build bone at the epiphyses. 
D)  Osteocytes build bone at the interstitial lamellae while osteoclasts expand the length of the medullary cavity. 
E)  Osteocytes and osteoclasts expand the bone at its epiphyses; chondrocytes construct cartilage. 
A)  Osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity. 
B)  Osteoclasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoblasts build bone at the interstitial lamellae. 
C)  Osteoblasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoclasts build bone at the epiphyses. 
D)  Osteocytes build bone at the interstitial lamellae while osteoclasts expand the length of the medullary cavity. 
E)  Osteocytes and osteoclasts expand the bone at its epiphyses; chondrocytes construct cartilage.

Exam 7: Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

What gives bone its flexibility?

-This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating cartilage?

The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are A: Calcified cartilage B: Hypertrophic cartilage C: Ossification D: Resting cartilage E: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is

Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

-This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which number indicates a central canal?

Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled.

In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?

If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?

Spongy bone

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called ________ fibers.

Mature cartilage is avascular.

-This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which is a mature bone cell?

Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?

The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

Biology of the Cell

Tissue Organization

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Skeletal System: Articulations

Muscle Tissue

Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue

Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous System: Senses

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Heart

Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolytes

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Reproductive System

Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity

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