Exam 5: The Working Cell

________ occurs when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium.

Usually, enzymes are ________.

A cell that neither gains nor loses a net amount of water at equilibrium when it is immersed in a solution is ________.

What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to generate power for nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots?

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

Scenario Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it. They were able to do this by using two sets of liposomes. An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox))bound to DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes, and a high concentration of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes. The drug is inactive when bound to DNA molecules. Researchers inject both types of liposomes into cancer cells, and upon doing so their contents are released. The ATP molecules from one set of liposomes bind to the DNA molecules from the other set of liposomes)and activate the drug, thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size. Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the effectiveness of the drug. The scientists performed three trials-one with both types of liposomes (Dox + ATP), one with just the drug (Dox only), and one with a salt solution (control). Examine the figure below and answer the following questions. -What is the best explanation for the intermediate tumor size that results from treatment with just the drug (Dox only)compared to the control and treatment with both liposomes (Dox + ATP)?

When a person cries, tears are exported from cells. Which category of transport most precisely matches this process?

Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are enzyme ________.

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?

In7 the figure below, how does the molecule labeled A affect enzyme function?

Scenario Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it. They were able to do this by using two sets of liposomes. An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox))bound to DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes, and a high concentration of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes. The drug is inactive when bound to DNA molecules. Researchers inject both types of liposomes into cancer cells, and upon doing so their contents are released. The ATP molecules from one set of liposomes bind to the DNA molecules from the other set of liposomes)and activate the drug, thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size. Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the effectiveness of the drug. The scientists performed three trials-one with both types of liposomes (Dox + ATP), one with just the drug (Dox only), and one with a salt solution (control). Examine the figure below and answer the following questions. -What would be the best experiment to test the effectiveness of this anticancer drug system?

Directed evolution is a relatively new way to engineer enzymes. Previously, scientists tried to design proteins by using computer models to try to predict how specific changes in genetic sequences might result in altered enzyme structure and function. Why is one of these approaches more efficient than the other?

Energy can be defined as ________.

The photos below show a plant before watering (left)and after it was watered (right). What causes the change in plant appearance?

Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work.

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________.

Specialized cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which process could be responsible for its secretion?

Scenario Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it. They were able to do this by using two sets of liposomes. An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox))bound to DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes, and a high concentration of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes. The drug is inactive when bound to DNA molecules. Researchers inject both types of liposomes into cancer cells, and upon doing so their contents are released. The ATP molecules from one set of liposomes bind to the DNA molecules from the other set of liposomes)and activate the drug, thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size. Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the effectiveness of the drug. The scientists performed three trials-one with both types of liposomes (Dox + ATP), one with just the drug (Dox only), and one with a salt solution (control). Examine the figure below and answer the following questions. -Which statement regarding these data is TRUE?