Exam 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this animal practices homeostasis with respect to the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will show ________.

Which statement about organs is correct?

Which type of tissue forms an electrical communication system within the body?

Scenario The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present. When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its burrow and capture the prey insects. During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C. When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to keep their internal temperatures below 49°C, even when surface temperatures are above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey)tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges. -When spiders show signs of thermal stress, this is an indication that they are unable to ________.

Scenario To study the effect of ambient (environmental)temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures, as oxygen is consumed during the process of cellular respiration. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below. -The animal studied by the scientist is most likely to be ________.

For most people, blood sugar levels rise to over 7 mmol/L after ingesting a meal. What is most likely responsible for the return of blood sugar levels to 5 mmol/L?

-Examine the figure above that shows negative feedback in a thermostat. If the room becomes too warm, the next thing that will occur is ________.

What hypothesis was Hutchison et al. testing by examining the relationship between muscle contractions and oxygen consumption in Burmese pythons?

-The graph shown is from a female Burmese python who is incubating her eggs in a chamber with variable temperatures. Interpret the graph.

The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings indicates that organisms ________.

The basic unit of nervous tissue is the ________.

Homeostasis is ________.

Which type of connective tissue is the most common in the typical human body?

The vertebrate kidney helps to keep the acidity of the body fluids constant by varying the amount of hydrogen ions (H⁺)it secretes into the urine. This aspect of kidney function, like other mechanisms of homeostasis, is most likely controlled by ________.

Scenario To study the effect of ambient (environmental)temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures, as oxygen is consumed during the process of cellular respiration. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below. -The scientist studies a second animal whose oxygen consumption rises as temperature increases. The second animal is most likely to be ________.

The figure below shows that ________.

Scenario To study the effect of ambient (environmental)temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures, as oxygen is consumed during the process of cellular respiration. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below. -At high temperatures this animal loses water rapidly. To prevent dehydration, this animal's nephrons should ________.

-How did the solutes of urine, shown in this schematic, become part of urine?

Heat exchange with the environment will be most efficient in a structure that has large ________.

Humans urinate, defecate, and breathe. Which process is accompanied by water loss?