Question 1

What would enable a single RNA transcript to be translated into different polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A) The RNA transcript can be spliced more than one way. 
B) The coded polypeptide may be modified in more than one way. 
C) The length of the RNA transcript tail can vary. 
D) Two different genes can produce the same RNA transcript, which will then be translated differently. 
A) The RNA transcript can be spliced more than one way. 
B) The coded polypeptide may be modified in more than one way. 
C) The length of the RNA transcript tail can vary. 
D) Two different genes can produce the same RNA transcript, which will then be translated differently.

Question 2

The lac operon is shown in the accompanying figure. The lac operon is usually in the ________ position and is activated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) on; the repressor 
B) off; lactose 
C) off; the repressor 
D) on; the promoter 
A) on; the repressor 
B) off; lactose 
C) off; the repressor 
D) on; the promoter

Question 3

What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) repressor 
B) promoter 
C) homeotic gene 
D) oncogene 
A) repressor 
B) promoter 
C) homeotic gene 
D) oncogene

Question 4

More people die of ________ cancer than of any other cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) lung 
B) skin 
C) pancreatic 
D) breast 
A) lung 
B) skin 
C) pancreatic 
D) breast

Question 5

Homeotic genes are important for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the development of an organism's body plan 
B) gene expression in prokaryotes 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) gene regulation in eukaryotic cells 
A) the development of an organism's body plan 
B) gene expression in prokaryotes 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) gene regulation in eukaryotic cells

Question 6

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) transcription factors 
D) gene operons 
A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) transcription factors 
D) gene operons

Question 7

A variety of risk factors contribute to cancers. Additionally, some cancers are more deadly than others. What can you conclude from the accompanying figure regarding cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Pancreatic cancer resulted in more deaths in 2017 than lymphoma. 
B) Alcohol only contributes to the development of liver cancer. 
C) Prostate cancer only occurs in females. 
D) There were over 130 million new diagnoses of colorectal cancer in 2017. 
A) Pancreatic cancer resulted in more deaths in 2017 than lymphoma. 
B) Alcohol only contributes to the development of liver cancer. 
C) Prostate cancer only occurs in females. 
D) There were over 130 million new diagnoses of colorectal cancer in 2017.

Question 8

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait 
B) mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring 
C) predisposition to these cancers is inherited 
D) lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals 
A) these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait 
B) mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring 
C) predisposition to these cancers is inherited 
D) lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals

Question 9

Scenario
Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background.
-Jim came across an advertisement for an herbal supplement that claimed to cure lung cancer by targeting precancerous cells in the lungs. If this claim were true, which of the following is a possible mechanism by which it may act?

Accepted Answer

A) The supplement would increase mutation rates in proto-oncogenes. 
B) The supplement would inhibit the production of tumor suppressor proteins. 
C) The supplement would stimulate translation of growth factors. 
D) The supplement would restrict the transcription of oncogenes. 
A) The supplement would increase mutation rates in proto-oncogenes. 
B) The supplement would inhibit the production of tumor suppressor proteins. 
C) The supplement would stimulate translation of growth factors. 
D) The supplement would restrict the transcription of oncogenes.

Question 10

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) oncogene 
B) tumor-suppressor gene 
C) proto-oncogene 
D) silencer 
A) oncogene 
B) tumor-suppressor gene 
C) proto-oncogene 
D) silencer

Question 11

How can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?

Accepted Answer

A) Mature plant cells contain only a fraction of the genes found in an adult plant. 
B) Plants have evolved over time to suit the need of human agriculture. 
C) Mature plant cells can develop into all the specialized cells of an adult plant. 
A) Mature plant cells contain only a fraction of the genes found in an adult plant. 
B) Plants have evolved over time to suit the need of human agriculture. 
C) Mature plant cells can develop into all the specialized cells of an adult plant.

Question 12

A researcher is attempting to use RNAi to investigate the function of citrate synthase, an enzyme that is involved in the Kreb's cycle. If the researcher injected siRNAs complementary to citrate synthase mRNA into cells, what is the most likely outcome that she would observe?

Accepted Answer

A) Less citrate synthase RNA would be produced. 
B) Less citrate synthase protein would be produced. 
C) More citrate synthase protein would be produced. 
D) More citrate synthase RNA would be produced. 
A) Less citrate synthase RNA would be produced. 
B) Less citrate synthase protein would be produced. 
C) More citrate synthase protein would be produced. 
D) More citrate synthase RNA would be produced.

Question 13

Which is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation of homeotic genes 
B) binding of repressors to operons 
C) a mutation in DNA polymerase that affects all cells 
D) conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene 
A) mutation of homeotic genes 
B) binding of repressors to operons 
C) a mutation in DNA polymerase that affects all cells 
D) conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene

Question 14

Scenario
Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background.
-Jim learned that viruses can sometimes cause cancer and wants to know why. You tell him that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a human cell can acquire a tumor-suppressor gene from a virus 
B) a human cell can acquire a proto-oncogene from a virus 
C) a human cell can acquire an oncogene from a virus 
D) some viruses are passed from mother to child and cause "inherited" cancers 
A) a human cell can acquire a tumor-suppressor gene from a virus 
B) a human cell can acquire a proto-oncogene from a virus 
C) a human cell can acquire an oncogene from a virus 
D) some viruses are passed from mother to child and cause "inherited" cancers

Question 15

In a typical colon cancer, the first step is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene 
B) the mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene, producing an oncogene 
C) the mutation of a proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene 
D) the conversion of an oncogene to a tumor-suppressor gene 
A) the inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene 
B) the mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene, producing an oncogene 
C) the mutation of a proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene 
D) the conversion of an oncogene to a tumor-suppressor gene

Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

What would enable a single RNA transcript to be translated into different polypeptides?

The lac operon is shown in the accompanying figure. The lac operon is usually in the ________ position and is activated by ________.

What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?

More people die of ________ cancer than of any other cancer.

Homeotic genes are important for ________.

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A variety of risk factors contribute to cancers. Additionally, some cancers are more deadly than others. What can you conclude from the accompanying figure regarding cancer?

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ________.

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n)________.

How can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?

A researcher is attempting to use RNAi to investigate the function of citrate synthase, an enzyme that is involved in the Kreb's cycle. If the researcher injected siRNAs complementary to citrate synthase mRNA into cells, what is the most likely outcome that she would observe?

Which is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog?

In a typical colon cancer, the first step is ________.

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

The lac operon is shown in the accompanying figure. The lac operon is usually in the position and is activated by .