Question 1

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased aerobic metabolism. 
B)  failure of DNA. 
C)  reduced protein synthesis. 
D)  increased Na+-K+ pump function. 
A)  increased aerobic metabolism. 
B)  failure of DNA. 
C)  reduced protein synthesis. 
D)  increased Na+-K+ pump function.

Question 2

Confirmation of somatic death is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of algor mortis. 
B)  presence of livor mortis. 
C)  complete cessation of respiration and circulation. 
D)  change in skin color to pale yellow. 
A)  presence of algor mortis. 
B)  presence of livor mortis. 
C)  complete cessation of respiration and circulation. 
D)  change in skin color to pale yellow.

Question 3

A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head.The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.This wound would be documented as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  exit. 
B)  intermediate range entrance. 
C)  contact range entrance. 
D)  indeterminate range entrance. 
A)  exit. 
B)  intermediate range entrance. 
C)  contact range entrance. 
D)  indeterminate range entrance.

Question 4

A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident.CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subdural hematoma 
B)  Epidural hematoma 
C)  Contusion 
D)  Abrasion 
A)  Subdural hematoma 
B)  Epidural hematoma 
C)  Contusion 
D)  Abrasion

Question 5

When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in size. 
B)  decrease in length. 
C)  increase in excitability. 
D)  decrease in number. 
A)  increase in size. 
B)  decrease in length. 
C)  increase in excitability. 
D)  decrease in number.

Question 6

Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased ATP production. 
B)  karyorrhexis. 
C)  ribosome detachment. 
D)  dehydration. 
A)  decreased ATP production. 
B)  karyorrhexis. 
C)  ribosome detachment. 
D)  dehydration.

Question 7

A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium.

Question 8

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma.Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction.Which substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patient's body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen 
B)  Protein 
C)  Pigment 
D)  Melanin 
A)  Glycogen 
B)  Protein 
C)  Pigment 
D)  Melanin

Question 9

A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles.What term would the nurse use to define this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation 
B)  Calcification 
C)  Apoptosis 
D)  Necrosis 
A)  Adaptation 
B)  Calcification 
C)  Apoptosis 
D)  Necrosis

Question 10

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet.Which of the following aided in the development of swelling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased ATP 
B)  Chloride movement out of the cell 
C)  Na+ movement into the cell 
D)  Decreased oncotic pressure 
A)  Increased ATP 
B)  Chloride movement out of the cell 
C)  Na+ movement into the cell 
D)  Decreased oncotic pressure

Question 11

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate.On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese).Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Auto necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Auto necrosis

Question 12

A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault.She has internal damage to the neck with deep bruising.X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage.Which of the following most likely caused her injuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical asphyxiation 
B)  Choking asphyxiation 
C)  Ligature strangulation 
D)  Manual strangulation 
A)  Chemical asphyxiation 
B)  Choking asphyxiation 
C)  Ligature strangulation 
D)  Manual strangulation

Question 13

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion.The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:

Accepted Answer

A)  malnutrition. 
B)  free radicals. 
C)  ischemia. 
D)  chemical toxicity. 
A)  malnutrition. 
B)  free radicals. 
C)  ischemia. 
D)  chemical toxicity.

Question 14

A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells.Which term would be used to identify this type of change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metaplasia 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Hypertrophy 
D)  Dysplasia 
A)  Metaplasia 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Hypertrophy 
D)  Dysplasia

Exam 4: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:

Confirmation of somatic death is based on:

A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head.The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.This wound would be documented as a(n):

A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident.CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?

When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:

Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:

A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma.Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction.Which substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patient's body?

A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles.What term would the nurse use to define this process?

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet.Which of the following aided in the development of swelling?

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate.On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese).Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault.She has internal damage to the neck with deep bruising.X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage.Which of the following most likely caused her injuries?

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion.The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:

A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells.Which term would be used to identify this type of change?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

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