Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Some species (e.g. ,dolphins,whales)have brains that are physically larger than humans.It looks as if large brains and high intelligence

People who look at real words find it difficult to say the color of ink of each word,instead of reading the words themselves.This result is known as the __________. Stroop effect

Most people identify the letter more accurately when it is part of a word than when it is presented by itself.This is known as the __________. word-superiority effect

__________ is characterized by easy distraction,impulsiveness,moodiness,and failure to follow through on plans. ADHD

Most people tend to consider themselves better than average,or at least average,drivers.We do so because when we think of other drivers we most easily remember unusually bad drivers,and compare ourselves to them.In other words,we make a decision based on

When experts made predictions about U.S.and world politics over the next several years,their accuracy was generally__________,and they were __________ confident in their predictions. low;not very

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of bilingual children?

In an experiment subjects heard a tape-recorded sound that sounded halfway between "dent" and "tent." In which of the sentences below would subjects be most likely to report the word as "TENT"?

People are most likely to be overconfident in the accuracy of their predictions when predicting

Research on experts in fields ranging from violin to chess indicates that to become an expert,

You are at a basketball game,and 100 students in one section are wearing matching white t-shirts,while one student is wearing a bright red shirt.You are likely to immediately notice the person in red

People sometimes form a stereotype about members of a certain group because they remember a few people who fit the stereotype and forget those who do not fit it.Reasoning of this type is an example of the

The Where's Waldo books present elaborate drawings,each of which contains the character Waldo embedded somewhere in the drawing.Finding Waldo requires

Research on the effects of developing an expertise suggests that the longer that someone has been a London taxi driver,the larger the ____,which is important for ____.

Research examining language abilities in chimpanzees suggests that chimps can

Research indicates that becoming an expert on something requires

A cognitive psychologist wants to learn about how a person thinks when solving a problem.What is the primary difficulty with simply asking people to describe their own thought process?

The concept of prototypes suggests that:

In one study,people who make their living predicting world events (government officials,foreign policy professors,newspaper columnists,etc. )were asked to predict U.S.and world politics over the next several years.Those who were most accurate were more likely than others to

Activity decreases in the visual cortex,and people become temporarily almost blind,during